AAMC FL 1 PS Exam Questions and Answers 2024

AAMC FL 1 PS Exam Questions and Answers 2024 Compared to the simultaneous condition, the serial condition of the experiment would be more likely to cause -Answer-In the serial condition, the objects are presented to the participants one at a time, which might result in better memory for events at the beginning of the series (a primacy effect). The researchers change the procedure such that instead of placing the objects in a box, the participants have to recall all the objects that they have seen during training. According to the spreading of activation theory, which type of memory error is most likely? -Answer-spreading activation suggests that, when a concept is activated, the activation spreads to concepts that are semantically or associatively related to it. Thus, people often retrieve unpresented members of a category when tested on their memory for a series of presented concepts from that category The findings described in the passage suggest that memory for locations: -Answer-the nine-year- olds performed differently from adults, suggesting that spatial memory keeps undergoing changes after nine years of age. Because this categorical bias was present in adults, spatial memory does not necessarily become more accurate with age. Because world knowledge about categories affects people's judgments of distance, it is not accurate to say that spatial memory relies solely on the recall of distances. The children from the experiment in the passage participate in a separate study using Piaget's water conservation task. They are shown two identical beakers, containing equal amounts of water. The water from one of the containers is poured into a thinner and taller beaker. Which prediction is most likely to be confirmed? -Answer-according to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, conservation tasks are mastered during the concrete operations stage, which starts at approximately 7 years and ends around 11 to 12 years. The majority of the 11-year-olds will have completed this stage, which will allow them to judge that pouring water into a taller beaker does not change its quantity Maintenance Factor 1 is most closely related to which approach to psychological disorders? - Answer-The answer to this question is B because Maintenance Factor 1 focuses on the role of classical conditioning, which is most closely related to the behaviorist approach. According to Maintenance Factor 1, mild changes in bodily sensations act as: -Answer-mild changes in bodily sensations become cues that are associated with excessive panic. Thus, those mild changes in bodily sensations become conditioned stimuli, which elicit the conditioned fear response For Patient 2, panic attacks act as: -Answer-the panic attacks are adding anxiety and are unpleasant which in turn causes the patient to stop going to meetings. Does that help? The panic attacks don't take away the meetings, they add a level of unpleasantness that causes the patient to stop going to meetings. patient describes the panic attacks as highly aversive and mentions that he no longer goes to meetings for fear of a panic attack. Thus, the frequency of the patient's attendance at meetings has decreased as the result of the panic attacks. Therefore, the panic attacks have been positive punishers Interoceptive awareness involves sensitivity to increases in the activity of the: -Answer- interoceptive awareness is described as increased sensitivity to internal bodily sensations, such as heartbeat and blood pressure, which are regulated by the autonomic nervous system. Which two processes best summarize maintenance factors 1 and 2, respectively? -Answer- Maintenance Factor 1 focuses on classical conditioning of a fear response to bodily sensations, whereas Maintenance Factor 2 focuses on cognitive appraisal (interpretation) of bodily sensations. Data on the role of Maintenance Factor 1 on PD is LEAST likely to come from which type of research -Answer-experimental methods are not likely to be used in determining on how Maintenance Factor 1 works. The primary obstacle to using experimental methods in such studies is the difficulty of systematically manipulating participants' physiological states and their sensitivity to changes in those states. Harlequin ichthyosis, a rare genetic disorder, causes the skin to become thick and scaly. Flaking skin behind the eyelids of individuals with this condition is most likely to damage which structure of the eye? -Answer-the cornea is in direct contact with the eyelid and is thus most susceptible to damage from flaking skin. Sound-induced vibrations depolarize hair cells of the cochlea by opening ion channels that are gated in what way? -Answer-hair cells of the cochlea are specialized mechanoreceptors.Mechanically Max attends a party and does not make eye contact with, or approach, his acquaintance, Sam. According to the actor-observer bias, which graph best represents how Max and Sam view this behavior? -Answer-according to the actor-observer bias, actors attribute their own behavior to situational factors (not feeling well) whereas observers attribute actors' behavior to dispositional factors (social awkwardness). In a study, each trial involves administering a drop of lemon juice to the participant's tongue and measuring the participant's level of salivation. As more trials are conducted, the researcher finds that the magnitude of salivation declines. After a certain point, the researcher switches to administering lime juice. This researcher is most likely studying which process? -Answer-the study involves reduced responding to a repeating stimulus, which is best described as habituation. The researcher then changes the stimulus, which will likely lead to dishabituation. Which explanation of the results of Study 1 presents the most appropriate application of the optimal arousal theory? Reminding participants of: -Answer-Optimal arousal theory states that optimal performance requires optimal arousal and that arousal levels that are too high or too low will impede performance. Option C is com