CPN Practice Questions 101-150 with Complete Solutions!

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a post-infectious disorder causing nephropathy, hemolytic anemia, and thrombocytopenia. It is seen following upper respiratory illnesses and following GI infections after eating meat contaminated with bacteria. What enteric bacteria have been linked to HUS? A. Escherichia coli O157:H7. B. Clostridium difficile. C. Rotavirus. D. Vibrio cholera. - ANSWER-A: E. coli O157:H7 from contaminated ground meat is the most common bacterial cause of HUS although other bacteria, such as Shigella dysenteriae, may also cause HUS. Hypertension can be seen in the pediatric population. What is the most common cause of secondary hypertension in children? A. Coarctation of the aorta. B. Renal disease. C. Neuroblastomas. D. Drug toxicity. - ANSWER-B: Renal disease is the most common cause of secondary hypertension in the pediatric population. Coarctation of the aorta, neuroblastoma, and drug toxicity are less common causes of secondary hypertension. Primary hypertension is also on the rise, related to obesity, lack of exercise, and poor nutrition A 16-year-old female is brought into the ED with an intentional overdose of acetaminophen. In order to prevent liver toxicity what medication can be given? A. N-Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst). B. Activated charcoal. C. Ipecac syrup. D. Naloxone (Narcan). - ANSWER-A: N-Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) is the medication used for acetaminophen overdoses. Toxicity occurs with dosage >140 mg/kg in one dose or >7.5g in 24 hours. The 72-hour N- acetylcysteine (NAC) protocol includes 140 mg/kg initially and 70 mg/kg every 4 hours for 17 more doses (orally or IV). Naloxone is used for opiate overdoses, and activated charcoal is used for numerous other medication overdoses. Following a severe motor vehicle accident, a 10-year-old male has a hemisection of the spinal cord with associated ipsilateral weakness and loss of proprioception and contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation. What is this spinal cord syndrome called? A. Anterior cord syndrome B. Complete cord injury C. Brown-Sequard syndrome D. Posterior cord syndrome - ANSWER-C: Hemisection of the spinal cord, severing it on one side only, and its associated symptoms are referred to as Brown-Sequard syndrome. Anterior cord syndrome results in loss of motor abilities and some sensations (temperature, pain, vibration) below injury. Posterior cord syndrome retains motor functions but some sensation is lost below injury. Complete cord injury results in bilateral paralysis and lack of sensation below injury. A 2-year-old male inadvertently ingests some opiates from his parent's prescription medication. Which of the following would NOT be a likely physical finding? A. Decreased respiratory rate. B. Lethargy. C. Decreased bowel sounds. D. Pupillary dilation. - ANSWER-D: Pupillary constriction, not dilation, is a hallmark of opiate overdose. Decreased respiratory rate, lethargy, and decreased bowel sounds are common physical symptoms of opiate overdose. A 10-year-old child is to have a venipuncture done at the femoral site. Which of the following anatomic structures is most medial in the inguinal area? A. Femoral vein. B. Femoral artery.