Cell Cycle & Mitosis Questions and Answers 100% Solved

Cell Cycle & Mitosis Questions and Answers 100% Solved cell cycle series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells mitosis process by which cells replicate their DNA, then separate it carefully and divide to form two genetically identical daughter cells. prophase Chromosomes condense so much they become visible, nuclear envelope breaks down, spindle forms metaphase Spindle fibers (microtubule proteins) develop from the centrioles. These protein fibers (spindle) attach to the centromere of each replicated chromosome, and wiggle and shake the chromosomes until they line up perfectly in the middle of the cell. Meta means "middle" or "change" anaphase Spindle fibers pull the replicated chromosomes apart and move to opposite ends of the cell. Ana means to separate. telophase chromosomes untangle and become invisible again, the nuclear envelope reforms around the separated chromosomes (so two nuclei exist in the cell briefly), and the cell membrane begins to pinch in. Telo means "far" because the replicated chromosomes are now far away from each other. Checkpoint 1 of the Cell Cycle At the end of G1 (growth 1) in interphase, mutated DNA or other problems in the cell should block the cell from entering Synthesis. Checkpoint 2 of the Cell Cycle At the end of S (synthesis of new DNA copies), any serious mutations discovered by "quality control" checkers should block the cell from entering G2 of interphase. Checkpoint 3 of the Cell Cycle At the end of G2 (growth 2) any serious mutations or problems with cell division machinery will block the cell from entering mitosis. interphase Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division. A cell in the cell cycle is either in interphase or mitosis. Interphase is much longer than mitosis and includes consists of G1, S, and G2 phases. G0 phase a non dividing state occupied by cells that have left the cell cycle. For example, neurons and most muscle cells are in this phase and do not divide. cytokinesis After telophase of mitosis, the cell membrane pinches completely apart to form two separate (but genetically identical) daughter cells Checkpoint 4 of the cell cycle At the end of metaphase, any misaligned chromosomes may abort the cell division and even trigger apoptosis. apoptosis programmed cell death. Our immune cells can trigger a cell that is dividing inappropriately to destroy itself in an organized and non-inflammatory way. necrosis tissue death often associated with a lot of inflammation and potential damage to nearby healthy tissue; compare with the organized cell death of apoptosis