The Cell Cycle Questions and Answers Rated A+

The Cell Cycle Questions and Answers Rated A+ Cell Cycle An ordered sequence of events in the life of a cell Mitosis A process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into five stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Mitosis conserves chromosome number by allocating replicated chromosomes equally to each of the daughter nuclei. Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase What are the 4 stages of mitosis? Prophase The first stage of mitosis, chromosomes become visible when stained a viewed under a microscope; Miotic spindle begins to form Metaphase The 2nd stage of mitosis, in which the spindle is complete and the chromosomes, attached to microtubules at their kinetochores, are all aligned at the metaphase plate. Anaphase The 3rd stage of mitosis, in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell. Telophase The 4th and final stage of mitosis, in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokinesis has typically begun. Cytokinesis The division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells immediately after mitosis, meiosis I, or meiosis II. Cell Division Process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells Chromosomes A cellular structure carrying genetic material, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and associated proteins Chromatin DNA and protein that makes up chromosomes Gametes A haploid cell such as an egg or sperm. Gametes unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote. Sister Chromatids identical copies of a chromosome; full sets of these are created during the S(DNA replication) subphase of interphase Centromere Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached 2 How many chromatids are in a duplicated chromosome? M phase The phase of the cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokinesis. interphase The period in the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing. Interphase often accounts for about 90% of the cell cycle. During interphase, cellular metabolic activity is high, chromosomes and organelles are duplicated, and cell size may increase. cleavage (1) The process of cytokinesis in animal cells, characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane. (2) The succession of rapid cell divisions without significant growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote to a ball of cells. G1 Phase The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins. S Phase The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated. G2 Phase The second gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs. Centrosome A structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells that functions as a microtubule-organizing center and is important during cell division. A centrosome has two centrioles. Cell Plate In a plant cell, midline of dividing cells. Becomes the cell wall eventually. G0 A nondividing state occupied by cells that have left the cell cycle, sometimes reversibly. Cyclin A cellular protein that occurs in a cyclically fluctuating concentration and that plays an important role in regulating the cell cycle. Cancer A disease in which some body cells grow and divide uncontrollably, damaging the parts of the body around them. Apoptosis Programmed cell death Spindle Fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes during mitosis Centrioles Are located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division.