NUR 2063 / NUR2063: Essentials of
Pathophysiology Exam 2 (Latest 2023 /
2024) Rasmussen
What are the functions of the kidneys? - -Regulation of blood pressure;
regulating blood osmolarity; removal of toxins; blood filtration; activate
vitamin D
-What are the clinical manifestations of benign prostatic hypertrophy? - -
dribbling; difficulty initiating urine stream; hesitancy; urinary retention,
decreased stream
-What substance controls the reabsorption of water from the collecting
ducts? - -ADH- Anti Diuretic Hormone
-What is type 2 diabetes characterized as? - -peripheral tissue insulin
resistance
-What are the clinical manifestations of Graves' disease? - -Exophthalmos
(bulging eyes), goiter, enlarge thyroid, heat intolerance, anxiety-
hyperthyroidism
-What processes occur during fasting? - -glucogenesis; glycogenesis
-What type of tissue is accessed to promote energy production in type 1
diabetes? - -adipose/ fat
-What are the clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism? - -myxedema,
fatigue, cold sensitivity, constipation, weight gain
-What are the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism? - -Goiter, fatigue,
weight loss, infertility, memory loss, hair loss, muscle pain
-What are the clinical manifestation of hyper para thyroidism? - -fatigue,
body aches, bone pain, depression, headaches, memory loss
-What are the clinical manifestations of hypo para thyroidism? - -numbness,
tetany, parathesis, muscle spasms
-What are the clinical manifestations of ketoacidosis? - -fruity breath,
drowsiness, nausea, thirst, confusion, lethargy, vomiting
-What mechanisms control hormone release and regulation? - -negative
feedback loop
, -What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary gland? - -Growth
Hormone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating
hormone, LH, ACTH and endorphins
-What is diabetes insipidus? - -a disorder caused by inadequate amounts of
ADH which causes excessive water loss
-clinical manifestations of diabetes insipidus - -polyuria, nocturia,
continuous thirst, and polydipsia
-clinical manifestations of Cushings syndrome? - -Excessive secretion of
cortisol causes redistribution of fat, "moon face", "buffalo" hump on the back
and pendulous abdomen. -
Facial skin is flushed (high blood pressure), skin covering abdomen develops
stretch marks - •
ndividual bruises easily and wound healing is poor -
Approximately 1/2 develop mental status changes from irritability to severe
psychiatric disturbance -
Females may experience changes due to increased androgen levels
-clinical manifestations of secondary hypothyroidism - -Weakness. -
Fatigue. -
Cold intolerance. -
Constipation. -
Weight gain. -
Depression. -
Joint or muscle pain. -
Brittle fingernails.
-clinical manifestations of primary hypothyroidism - -fatigue. -
lethargy. -
sensitivity to cold. -
depression. -
muscle weakness.
-clinical manifestations of primary aldosteronism - -hypertension and
hypokalemia
-clinical manifestations of secondary aldosteronism - -High blood pressure. -
Low level of potassium in the blood. -
Feeling tired all the time. -
Headache. -
Pathophysiology Exam 2 (Latest 2023 /
2024) Rasmussen
What are the functions of the kidneys? - -Regulation of blood pressure;
regulating blood osmolarity; removal of toxins; blood filtration; activate
vitamin D
-What are the clinical manifestations of benign prostatic hypertrophy? - -
dribbling; difficulty initiating urine stream; hesitancy; urinary retention,
decreased stream
-What substance controls the reabsorption of water from the collecting
ducts? - -ADH- Anti Diuretic Hormone
-What is type 2 diabetes characterized as? - -peripheral tissue insulin
resistance
-What are the clinical manifestations of Graves' disease? - -Exophthalmos
(bulging eyes), goiter, enlarge thyroid, heat intolerance, anxiety-
hyperthyroidism
-What processes occur during fasting? - -glucogenesis; glycogenesis
-What type of tissue is accessed to promote energy production in type 1
diabetes? - -adipose/ fat
-What are the clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism? - -myxedema,
fatigue, cold sensitivity, constipation, weight gain
-What are the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism? - -Goiter, fatigue,
weight loss, infertility, memory loss, hair loss, muscle pain
-What are the clinical manifestation of hyper para thyroidism? - -fatigue,
body aches, bone pain, depression, headaches, memory loss
-What are the clinical manifestations of hypo para thyroidism? - -numbness,
tetany, parathesis, muscle spasms
-What are the clinical manifestations of ketoacidosis? - -fruity breath,
drowsiness, nausea, thirst, confusion, lethargy, vomiting
-What mechanisms control hormone release and regulation? - -negative
feedback loop
, -What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary gland? - -Growth
Hormone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating
hormone, LH, ACTH and endorphins
-What is diabetes insipidus? - -a disorder caused by inadequate amounts of
ADH which causes excessive water loss
-clinical manifestations of diabetes insipidus - -polyuria, nocturia,
continuous thirst, and polydipsia
-clinical manifestations of Cushings syndrome? - -Excessive secretion of
cortisol causes redistribution of fat, "moon face", "buffalo" hump on the back
and pendulous abdomen. -
Facial skin is flushed (high blood pressure), skin covering abdomen develops
stretch marks - •
ndividual bruises easily and wound healing is poor -
Approximately 1/2 develop mental status changes from irritability to severe
psychiatric disturbance -
Females may experience changes due to increased androgen levels
-clinical manifestations of secondary hypothyroidism - -Weakness. -
Fatigue. -
Cold intolerance. -
Constipation. -
Weight gain. -
Depression. -
Joint or muscle pain. -
Brittle fingernails.
-clinical manifestations of primary hypothyroidism - -fatigue. -
lethargy. -
sensitivity to cold. -
depression. -
muscle weakness.
-clinical manifestations of primary aldosteronism - -hypertension and
hypokalemia
-clinical manifestations of secondary aldosteronism - -High blood pressure. -
Low level of potassium in the blood. -
Feeling tired all the time. -
Headache. -
