Question 1
Use the epidemiologic triad( host, agent, environment) to describe smoking prevention
strategies aimed at adolescents
Ans)
● Host: provides smoking prevention training to all adolescents through high school
● Agents: Government required changes to their cigarette packaging making it less
attractive. Encourage nicotine replacement aids
● Environment: stores near schools are not permitted to sell tobacco. Add taxes increasing
cost and hence availability
● Vector: Should the tobacco industry be targeted as a vector
Question 2)
How does the iceberg concept explain public health limitations posed by counting only people
with clinically apparent polio?
Ans)
● According To the iceberg concept of disease, there are many more people with
subclinical symptoms as compared to clinical levels of polio. People with subclinical polio
may still spread disease. Failing to count all cases will likely dramatically underestimate
the public health challenge in the remaining countries where polio is still endemic.
Use the epidemiologic triad( host, agent, environment) to describe smoking prevention
strategies aimed at adolescents
Ans)
● Host: provides smoking prevention training to all adolescents through high school
● Agents: Government required changes to their cigarette packaging making it less
attractive. Encourage nicotine replacement aids
● Environment: stores near schools are not permitted to sell tobacco. Add taxes increasing
cost and hence availability
● Vector: Should the tobacco industry be targeted as a vector
Question 2)
How does the iceberg concept explain public health limitations posed by counting only people
with clinically apparent polio?
Ans)
● According To the iceberg concept of disease, there are many more people with
subclinical symptoms as compared to clinical levels of polio. People with subclinical polio
may still spread disease. Failing to count all cases will likely dramatically underestimate
the public health challenge in the remaining countries where polio is still endemic.
