Test Bank Memmlers Structure and Function of the Human Body 12th Edition Cohen

Test Bank Memmlers Structure and Function of the Human Body 12th Edition CohenContents Chapter 01: Introduction to the Body ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 02: Chemistry of Life .................................................................................................................................................................. 27 Chapter 03: Cells ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 57 Chapter 04: Tissues ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 80 Chapter 05: Organ Systems ...................................................................................................................................................................... 89 Chapter 06: Skin and Membranes ........................................................................................................................................................ 108 Chapter 07: Skeletal System ................................................................................................................................................................... 134 Chapter 08: Muscular System ................................................................................................................................................................ 162 Chapter 09: Nervous System .................................................................................................................................................................. 187 Chapter 10: Senses .................................................................................................................................................................................... 221 Chapter 11: Endocrine System .............................................................................................................................................................. 249 Chapter 12: Blood ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 278 Chapter 13: Cardiovascular System ..................................................................................................................................................... 304 Chapter 14: Lymphatic System and Immunity ................................................................................................................................. 336 Chapter 15: Respiratory System ............................................................................................................................................................ 361 Chapter 16: Digestive System ................................................................................................................................................................ 392 Chapter 17: Nutrition and Metabolism .............................................................................................................................................. 425 Chapter 18: Urinary System .................................................................................................................................................................... 448 Chapter 19: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance ......................................................................................................................................... 477 Chapter 20: Acid-Base Balance.............................................................................................................................................................. 497 Chapter 21: Reproductive Systems ...................................................................................................................................................... 516 Chapter 22: Growth and Development .............................................................................................................................................. 546 Chapter 01: Introduction to the Body MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The word derived from two word parts that mean ―cutting apart‖ is a. physiology b. homeostasis c. anatomy d. dissection 1 | P a g eANS: C OBJ: 1 DIF: Memorizatio n TOP: Introduction 2. The study of how the body functions is called a. physiology b. homeostasis c. anatomy d. dissection ANS: A OBJ: 1 DIF: Memorizatio n TOP: Introduction 3. The correct sequence of the level of organization is a. cellular, chemical, tissue, organ b. chemical, cellular, tissue, organ c. chemical, cellular, organ, tissue d. chemical, tissue, cellular, organ ANS: B OBJ: 3 DIF: Memorization TOP: Structural levels of organization 4. The smallest living unit of structure is considered to be at the a. chemical level b. cellular level c. organ level d. tissue level ANS: B OBJ: 3 DIF: Memorization TOP: Structural levels of organization 5. The reference position for all body directional terms is the a. anatomical position b. prone position c. supine position d. sitting position ANS: A OBJ: 4 DIF: Memorization TOP: Anatomical position 6. The relationship between the knee and the ankle can be described as a. the knee is inferior to the ankle b. the knee is distal to the ankle c. the knee is proximal to the ankle d. both a and b above ANS: C DIF: Application REF: pp. 7-8 TOP: Anatomical directions 2 | P a g e OBJ: 5 REF: pp. 6- 7 REF: p. 6 REF: p. 5 REF: p. 3 REF: p. 37. The relationship between the heart and the lungs can be described as a. the heart is distal to the lungs b. the heart is medial to the lungs c. the heart is lateral to the lungs d. both a and c above ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 7 TOP: Anatomical directions 8. The term most opposite proximal is a. medial b. superior c. anterior d. distal ANS: D OBJ: 5 DIF: Memorization TOP: Anatomical directions 9. Because humans walk in an upright position, the two terms that can be used interchangeably are a. posterior and ventral b. posterior and inferior c. posterior and superficial d. posterior and dorsal ANS: D OBJ: 5 DIF: Memorization TOP: Anatomical directions 10. The term most opposite medial is a. dorsal b. lateral c. superficial d. none of the above ANS: B OBJ: 5 DIF: Memorization TOP: Anatomical directions 11. The relationship between the skin and the muscles can be described as a. the skin is superficial to the muscle b. the muscle is superficial to the skin c. the muscle is deep to the skin d. both a and c above ANS: D OBJ: 3 DIF: Memorization TOP: Anatomical directions 12. A cut dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions is called a a. sagittal section 3 | P a g e REF: p. 7 REF: p. 7 REF: p. 7 REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5b. frontal section c. transverse section d. none of the above ANS: B OBJ: 5 DIF: Memorization TOP: Planes or body sections 13. A cut dividing the body into upper and lower portions is called a a. sagittal section b. frontal section c. transverse section d. coronal section ANS: C OBJ: 5 DIF: Memorization TOP: Planes or body sections 14. A cut dividing the body into right and left portions is called a a. sagittal section b. frontal section c. transverse section d. coronal section ANS: A OBJ: 5 DIF: Memorization TOP: Planes or body sections 15. The mediastinum is part of the a. dorsal cavity b. ventral cavity c. abdominal cavity d. both b and c above ANS: B OBJ: 6 DIF: Memorization TOP: Body cavities 16. The two major cavities of the body are the a. dorsal and ventral b. thoracic and abdominal c. pleural and mediastinum d. none of the above ANS: A OBJ: 6 DIF: Memorization TOP: Body cavities 17. The diaphragm divides the a. dorsal from the ventral cavity b. abdominal from the pelvic cavity c. thoracic from the abdominal cavity d. pleural from the mediastinum 4 | P a g e REF: p. 9 REF: p. 9 REF: pp. 8-9 REF: p. 9 REF: p. 9ANS: C OBJ: 6 DIF: Memorization TOP: Body cavities 18. The upper abdominopelvic regions include the a. right and left hypochondriac and umbilical b. right and left lumbar and umbilical c. right and left iliac and epigastric d. right and left hypochondriac and epigastric ANS: D OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Body cavities 19. The middle abdominopelvic regions include the a. right and left lumbar and umbilical b. right and left lumbar and epigastric c. right and left iliac and hypogastric d. right and left iliac and umbilical ANS: A OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Body cavities 20. The lower abdominopelvic regions include the a. right and left iliac and umbilical b. right and left lumbar and epigastric c. right and left lumbar and hypogastric d. right and left iliac and hypogastric ANS: D OBJ: 7 21. The brain is in the a. ventral cavity b. cranial cavity c. mediastinum d. none of the above ANS: B OBJ: 6 DIF: Memorization TOP: Body cavities 22. The spinal cavity is part of the a. dorsal cavity b. ventral cavity c. cranial cavity d. none of the above ANS: A OBJ: 6 DIF: Memorization TOP: Body cavities REF: p. 9 23. The left upper quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity includes all of the a. left lumbar region b. left iliac region 5 | P a g e REF: p. 10 DIF: Memorization TOP: Body cavities REF: p. 10 REF: p. 10 REF: p. 10 REF: p. 9c. left hypochondriac region d. left inguinal region ANS: C TOP: Body cavities 24. Using the maintaining of a constant temperature in a building as an example of a feedback loop, the thermometer would be an example of a(n) a. sensor b. control center c. effector d. positive feedback loop ANS: A OBJ: 9 DIF: Memorization TOP: The balance of body functions 25. Using the maintaining of a constant temperature in a building as an example of a feedback loop, the furnace would be an example of a(n) a. sensor b. control center c. effector d. positive feedback loop ANS: C OBJ: 9 DIF: Memorization TOP: The balance of body functions 26. Using the maintaining of a constant temperature in a building as an example of a feedback loop, the thermostat would be an example of a(n) a. sensor b. control center c. effector d. positive feedback loop ANS: B OBJ: 9 DIF: Memorization TOP: The balance of body functions 27. The abdominopelvic region that can be found in each of the four quadrants is the a. umbilical b. hypogastric c. epigastric d. left iliac ANS: A TOP: Body cavities 28. The lower right abdominopelvic quadrant includes all of the a. right hypochondriac region b. right lumbar region c. right iliac region d. right epigastric region 6 | P a g e DIF: Application REF: p. 10 OBJ: 7 REF: p. 14 REF: p. 14 REF: p. 14 DIF: Application REF: p. 10 OBJ: 7ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 10 TOP: Body cavities 29. An example of a positive feedback loop would be a. maintaining proper body temperature b. forming a blood clot c. uterine contractions during childbirth d. both b and c above ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 15 TOP: The balance of body functions 30. An example of a negative feedback loop would be a. maintaining proper body temperature b. forming a blood clot c. uterine contractions during childbirth d. both b and c above ANS: A DIF: Application REF: p. 15 TOP: The balance of body functions 31. A midsagittal section through the head would divide a. the forehead from the chin b. the nose from the back of the head c. the right eye from the left eye d. none of the above ANS: C DIF: Application REF: pp. 8-9 TOP: Planes or body sections 32. A transverse section through the head would divide a. the forehead from the chin b. the nose from the back of the head c. the right eye from the left eye d. none of the above ANS: A DIF: Application REF: pp. 8-9 TOP: Planes or body sections 33. A frontal section through the head would divide a. the forehead from the chin b. the nose from the back of the head c. the right eye from the left eye d. none of the above ANS: B DIF: Application REF: pp. 8-9 TOP: Planes or body sections 34. If this kind of section were made through the center of the head, both the right and left 7 | P a g e OBJ: 5 OBJ: 5 OBJ: 5 OBJ: 9 OBJ: 9 OBJ: 7eyes would be on the same section. a. Coronal section b. Midsagittal section c. Transverse section d. Both a and c above ANS: D DIF: Application REF: pp. 8-9 TOP: Planes or body sections 35. The relationship between an organ and organ system is similar to the relationship between a cell and a. an organism b. the cellular level of organization c. a tissue d. none of the above ANS: C DIF: Synthesis TOP: Structural levels of organization 36. The heart is an example of this level or organization. a. Tissue b. Organ c. Organ system d. Organism ANS: B OBJ: 3 DIF: Memorization TOP: Structural levels of organization 37. Blood vessels are examples of this level or organization. a. Organ system b. Tissue c. Organ d. Cellular ANS: C OBJ: 3 DIF: Memorization TOP: Structural levels of organization 38. On a directional rosette, a letter L would stand for a. ―left‖ if it is opposite the letter R b. ―lateral‖ if it is opposite the letter D c. ―lateral‖ if it is opposite the letter A d. ―lower‖ if it is opposite the letter U ANS: A OBJ: 5 DIF: Memorization TOP: Anatomical directions 39. Which of the following terms do not refer to a part of the head region? a. Olecranal b. Zygomatic c. Frontal d. All of the above terms refer to parts of the head 8 | P a g e REF: pp. 7-8 REF: pp. 4-5 REF: pp. 4-5 REF: p. 6 OBJ: 3 OBJ: 5ANS: A 2) OBJ: 8 DIF: Memorization TOP: Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1- 40. Which of the following is not controlled by a negative feedback loop? a. Body temperature b. Blood oxygen concentration c. Fluid levels of the body d. Blood clot formation ANS: D OBJ: 9 DIF: Memorization TOP: The balance of body functions 41. The organ level of organization contains all of these lower levels. a. The cellular and tissue levels only b. The chemical and tissue levels only c. The chemical, cellular, and tissue levels only d. The chemical, cellular, tissue, and system levels ANS: C DIF: Application REF: pp. 5-6 TOP: Structural levels of organization 42. This structure physically separates the pelvic cavity from the abdominal cavity. a. Mediastinum b. Diaphragm c. Mesenteries d. None of the above ANS: D OBJ: 6 DIF: Memorization TOP: Body cavities 43. The lungs are located in the a. thoracic cavity b. mediastinum c. dorsal cavity d. both b and c above ANS: A OBJ: 6 DIF: Memorization TOP: Body cavities REF: p. 10 44. A scientific experiment testing a new drug used two groups, one getting the drug and one getting the sugar pill. The group getting the sugar pill is the a. test group b. hypothesis group c. control group d. observational group ANS: C DIF: Application REF: p. 4 TOP: Scientific method 9 | P a g e OBJ: 2 REF: p. 9 OBJ: 3 REF: p. 1545. A scientific experiment testing a new drug used two groups, one getting the drug and one getting a sugar pill. If the two groups had the same result, it would indicate a. the drug was safe and effective b. the drug was ineffective because it did no better than the sugar pill c. the experiment was a failure and no information could be gained d. both b and c ANS: B DIF: Application REF: p. 4 TOP: Scientific method 46. A scientific experiment testing a new drug used two groups, one getting the drug and one getting a sugar pill. If the group getting the drug did much better than the group with the sugar pill: a. it would indicate that the drug was more effective than the sugar pill b. a theory would be formed c. the control group would be shown to have improved because of the drug d. all of the above ANS: A DIF: Application REF: p. 4 TOP: Scientific method 47. In the metric system a. a meter is longer than a yard b. a centimeter is longer than an inch c. a nanometer is longer than a micrometer d. all of the above ANS: A OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Metric System REF: p. 4 48. If a person lost a little more than 3 pounds on a diet, they would have lost about a. 500 grams b. 1000 grams c. 1500 grams d. 2000 grams ANS: C TOP: Metric System 49. The word supine describes a. the body lying face downward b. an anatomical direction c. the reference position of the body d. the body lying face upward ANS: D OBJ: 4 DIF: Memorization TOP: Anatomical position 50. Which process is used as the principal technique used to isolate and study the 10 | P a g e REF: p. 7 DIF: Application REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 OBJ: 2 OBJ: 2structural components or parts of the human body? a. Imaging b. Dissection c. X-rays d. Resection ANS: B OBJ: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Introduction REF: p. 3 TRUE/FALSE 1. The word dissection is derived from two word parts that mean ―cutting apart.‖ ANS: F DIF: Memorization OBJ: 1 TOP: Introduction 2. The cell is the smallest living structural unit of the body. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 3 TOP: Structural levels of organization 3. An organ is defined as a group of several types of cells working together to perform a specific function. ANS: F OBJ: 3 DIF: Memorization TOP: Structural levels of organization 4. The reference position for the directional terms of the body is called the anatomical position. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 4 TOP: Anatomical position 5. The prone position is a position in which the body is lying face down. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 4 TOP: Anatomical position 6. The prone position is a position in which the body is lying face up. ANS: F DIF: Memorization OBJ: 4 TOP: Anatomical position 7. The supine position is a position in which the body is lying face up. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 4 11 | P a g e TOP: Anatomical position REF: p. 7 REF: p. 6 REF: p. 6 REF: p. 3 REF: p. 7 REF: p. 7 REF: p. 78. Superior means toward the head. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 9. Because humans walk upright, superior and superficial mean the same thing. ANS: F DIF: Memorization OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 10. Anterior and proximal are opposite terms. ANS: F DIF: Memorization OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 11. Medial and lateral are opposite terms. ANS: T REF: p. 7 REF: p. 7 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 12. Proximal and distal are opposite terms. ANS: T DIF: Memorization REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 13. Because humans walk upright, inferior and deep mean the same thing. ANS: F DIF: Memorization OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 14. Because humans walk upright, ventral and anterior mean the same thing. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 15. Because humans walk upright, dorsal and posterior mean the same thing. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 16. The hand is distal to the elbow. ANS: T REF: p. 7 REF: p. 7 REF: p. 7 DIF: Application REF: p. 7 TOP: Anatomical directions 17. The foot is proximal to the knee. 12 | P a g e OBJ: 5ANS: F DIF: Application TOP: Anatomical directions 18. The nose is superior to the mouth. ANS: T DIF: Application TOP: Anatomical directions 19. The mouth is inferior to the chin. ANS: F DIF: Application TOP: Anatomical directions 20. The big toe is lateral to the little toe. ANS: F DIF: Application TOP: Anatomical directions 21. The ears are lateral to the nose. ANS: T DIF: Application TOP: Anatomical directions 22. The heart is medial to the lungs. ANS: T DIF: Application TOP: Anatomical directions 23. The skin is superficial to the ribs. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 7 TOP: Anatomical directions 24. The lungs are deep to the ribs. ANS: T OBJ: 5 REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 REF: p. 7 OBJ: 5 DIF: Application REF: p. 7 TOP: Anatomical directions 25. The bones of the arm are superficial to the muscles of the arm. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 7 TOP: Anatomical directions 26. The nose is on the anterior side of the body. 13 | P a g e OBJ: 5 OBJ: 5ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 7 TOP: Anatomical directions 27. The navel is on the dorsal side of the body. ANS: F OBJ: 5 DIF: Application REF: p. 7 TOP: Anatomical directions 28. The vertebrae are on the dorsal side of the body. ANS: T OBJ: 5 DIF: Application REF: p. 7 TOP: Anatomical directions 29. A sagittal section divides the body into upper and lower parts. ANS: F DIF: Memorization OBJ: 5 TOP: Planes or body sections 30. A sagittal section divides the body into right and left parts. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 5 TOP: Planes or body sections 31. A frontal section divides the body into front and back parts. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 5 TOP: Planes or body sections 32. A transverse section divides the body into upper and lower parts. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 5 TOP: Planes or body sections 33. The two major cavities of the body are the abdominal and thoracic cavities. ANS: F DIF: Memorization OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 34. The two major cavities of the body are the dorsal and ventral cavities. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 35. The diaphragm divides the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 6 14 | P a g e TOP: Body cavities REF: p. 9 REF: p. 9 OBJ: 5 REF: pp. 8-9 REF: pp. 8-9 REF: p. 9 REF: p. 9 REF: p. 936. The mediastinum is in both the ventral and thoracic cavities. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 37. The pleural cavity is in both the thoracic and dorsal cavities. ANS: F DIF: Memorization OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 38. The brain and spinal cord are in the dorsal cavity. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 39. The cranial cavity contains the brain and spinal cord. ANS: F DIF: Memorization OBJ: 6 TOP: Body cavities 40. The upper abdominopelvic area consists of the right and left hypogastric and the epigastric regions. ANS: F OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Body cavities 41. The lower abdominopelvic area contains the left iliac region. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 7 TOP: Body cavities 42. The middle abdominopelvic area contains the umbilical region. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 7 TOP: Body cavities 43. The epigastric, umbilical, and left lumbar regions are all in the middle abdominopelvic area. ANS: F DIF: Memorization OBJ: 7 TOP: Body cavities 44. Homeostasis refers to the relatively constant internal environment the body tries to maintain. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 45. A negative feedback loop is one way the body tries to maintain homeostasis. 15 | P a g e REF: p. 13 REF: p. 10 REF: p. 10 REF: p. 9 REF: p. 9 REF: p. 9 REF: p. 9 REF: p. 10 REF: p. 10ANS: T OBJ: 9 DIF: Memorization TOP: The balance of body functions 46. The sensor in a feedback loop compares the actual condition to the ―normal‖ condition the body tries to maintain. ANS: F OBJ: 9 DIF: Memorization TOP: The balance of body functions 47. The effector in a negative feedback loop does something to move the regulated condition back to ―normal.‖ ANS: T 15 OBJ: 9 DIF: Memorization TOP: The balance of body functions 48. The sensor in a negative feedback loop detects a change in the regulated condition. ANS: T DIF: Memorization 15 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 49. In the negative feedback loop, the effector is the link between the sensor and the control center. ANS: F 15 OBJ: 9 DIF: Memorization TOP: The balance of body functions 50. The formation of a blood clot is an example of a negative feedback loop. ANS: F DIF: Memorization OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 51. The control of the volume of body fluid is an example of a negative feedback loop. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 52. The regulation of blood pH is an example of a positive feedback loop. ANS: F DIF: Memorization OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 53. The contraction of the uterus during childbirth is an example of a positive feedback loop. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 9 16 | P a g e TOP: The balance of body functions REF: p. 15 REF: p. 15 REF: p. 15 REF: pp. 14- REF: pp. 14- REF: pp. 14- REF: p. 14 REF: p. 15 REF: p. 1554. The arms and legs are part of the axial body portion. ANS: F DIF: Memorization OBJ: 8 TOP: Body regions 55. The head and trunk are part of the axial body portion. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 8 TOP: Body regions 56. The arms and legs are part of the appendicular body portion. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 8 TOP: Body regions 57. Feedback loops continue to improve throughout life, reaching their peak in late adulthood. ANS: F DIF: Memorization OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 58. The word organism can be used to describe a living thing. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 3 TOP: Structural levels of organization 59. A body in a supine position has its dorsal side to the ground. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 7 TOP: Anatomical position | Anatomical directions 60. A body in a prone position has its dorsal side to the ground. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 7 TOP: Anatomical position | Anatomical directions 61. On the compass rosettes in a figure, the letter P opposite the letter D would stand for the word proximal. ANS: T OBJ: 5 DIF: Memorization TOP: Anatomical directions 62. The thoracic cavity is divided into two parts, the mediastinum and the dorsal cavity. ANS: F DIF: Memorization OBJ: 6 17 | P a g e TOP: Body cavities REF: p. 10 REF: p. 8 REF: p. 16 REF: p. 12 REF: p. 12 REF: p. 12 REF: p. 3 OBJ: 4 OBJ: 463. The midsagittal and transverse sections, which divide the abdomen into quadrants, intersect at the base of the mediastinum. ANS: F OBJ: 5 DIF: Memorization TOP: Body cavities REF: p. 9 64. The diaphragm divides the axial from the appendicular region of the body. ANS: F DIF: Memorization OBJ: 8 TOP: Body regions 65. The word leg refers only to the part of the body between the knee and the ankle. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 8 TOP: Body regions 66. Women can have one more body function regulated by a positive feedback loop than men can. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 15 TOP: The balance of body functions 67. Exercise helps to maintain homeostasis. ANS: F OBJ: 9 REF: p. 12 REF: p. 9 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 16 OBJ: 9 TOP: Health and Well-Being: Exercise Physiology 68. The cell is the simplest level of organization in a living thing. ANS: F DIF: Memorization OBJ: 3 TOP: Structural levels of organization 69. When reading a compass rosette in a figure, the letter L can mean either left or lateral. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 5 TOP: Anatomical directions 70. When reading a compass rosette in a figure, the letter P opposite the letter D stands for posterior. ANS: F OBJ: 5 DIF: Memorization TOP: Anatomical directions 71. The dorsal cavity is a made up of a single cavity containing the brain and spinal cord. ANS: F DIF: Memorization OBJ: 6 18 | P a g e TOP: Body cavities REF: p. 9 REF: p. 8 REF: p. 8 REF: p. 672. The abdominopelvic region is divided into four quadrants, the left and right lumbar regions on the upper part and the left and right iliac regions on the lower part. ANS: F OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Body regions REF: p. 9 73. The cells in the body live in a water environment that contains dissolved salts and other substances. ANS: T OBJ: 9 DIF: Memorization TOP: Balance of body functions 74. The terms ophthalmic and orbital both refer to the eye area. ANS: T DIF: Memorization 2) OBJ: 6 TOP: Descriptive terms for body regions 75. In the scientific method, a hypothesis is based on observation. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 2 TOP: Scientific method 76. The single method used for all scientific investigation is called the scientific method. ANS: F DIF: Memorization OBJ: 2 TOP: Scientific method 77. An accepted hypothesis must be retested numerous times to become a theory. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 2 TOP: Scientific method 78. If the effects of a drug are being tested by a scientific experiment, two groups would be used: a group that gets the drug and a group that gets an inactive substance. The group that gets the inactive substance is called the control group. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 4 TOP: Scientific method 79. The term atrophy describes a body structure that is at the peak of its efficiency. ANS: F DIF: Memorization OBJ: 8 TOP: Body regions 80. The term dystrophy describes a degenerative process on a body structure due to lack of use. 19 | P a g e REF: p. 12 OBJ: 2 REF: p. 4 REF: p. 4 REF: p. 13 REF: p. 13 (Table 1- REF: p. 4ANS: F OBJ: 8 DIF: Memorization TOP: Body regions REF: p. 12 81. The study of the structure of an organism and the relationships of its parts is often defined as physiology. ANS: F OBJ: 1 MATCHING Match each of the following terms with its correct definition. a. Anterior b. Lateral c. Superior d. Medial e. Proximal f. Superficial g. Posterior 1. Toward the head, upper or above 2. Toward the midline of the body 3. In humans, this term means the same as ventral 4. Nearest to the point of origin 5. Toward the back of the body 6. Nearest the surface of the body 7. Toward the side of the body 1. ANS: OBJ: C 5 2. ANS: D OBJ: 5 3. ANS: OBJ: A 5 4. ANS: E OBJ: 5 5. ANS: OBJ: 6. ANS: OBJ: 7. ANS: OBJ: 20 | P a g e G 5 F 5 B 5 DIF: TOP: Memorization Anatomical directions DIF: Memorization TOP: Anatomical directions DIF: TOP: Memorization Anatomical directions DIF: Memorization TOP: Anatomical directions DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: Memorization Anatomical directions Memorization Anatomical directions Memorization Anatomical directions REF: p. 7 REF: p. 7 REF: p. 7 REF: p. 7 REF: p. 7 REF: p. 7 REF: p. 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Introduction REF: p. 3Match the body region with the correct body part. a. Skull b. Groin c. Chest d. Mouth e. Brachial f. Wrist g. Cephalic h. Antebrachial i. Antecubital j. Cervical k. Axillary l. Femoral m. Lumbar n. Popliteal o. Tarsal p. Plantar 8. Arm 9. Head 10. Cranial 11. Oral 12. Inguinal 13. Thoracic 14. Carpal 15. Sole of the foot 16. Neck 17. Thigh 18. Armpit 19. Depressed area in the front of the elbow 20. Lower back between ribs and pelvis 21. Ankle 22. Forearm 23. Area behind the knee 8. ANS: OBJ: E 8 9. ANS: G OBJ: 8 10. ANS: A OBJ: 8 11. ANS: OBJ: 21 | P a g e D 8 DIF: TOP: Memorizatio n Body regions DIF: Memorization TOP: Body regions DIF: Memorization TOP: Body regions DIF: TOP: Memorizatio n Body regions REF: p. 13 (Table 1- 2) REF: p. 13 (Table 1- 2) REF: p. 13 (Table 1- 2) REF: p. 13 (Table 1- 2)12. ANS: B OBJ: 8 DIF: Memorization TOP: Body regions 13. ANS: OBJ: C 8 14. ANS: F OBJ: 8 15. ANS: OBJ: 16. ANS: OBJ: P 8 J 8 17. ANS: L OBJ: 8 18. ANS: K OBJ: 8 19. ANS: I OBJ: 8 20. ANS: M OBJ: 8 21. ANS: OBJ: O 8 22. ANS: H OBJ: 8 23. ANS: OBJ: N 8 DIF: TOP: Memorizatio n Body regions DIF: Memorization TOP: Body regions DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: Memorizatio n Body regions Memorizatio n Body regions DIF: Memorization TOP: Body regions DIF: Memorization TOP: Body regions DIF: Memorization TOP: Body regions DIF: Memorization TOP: Body regions DIF: TOP: Memorizatio n Body regions DIF: Memorization TOP: Body regions DIF: TOP: Memorizatio n Body regions Match the term with the correct definition or explanation. a. Hypothesis b. Scientific method c. Theory d. Experimentation e. Control group f. Test group 24. A hypothesis that has been supported by repeated testing and has gained a high level of confidence 25. A systematic approach to discovery 26. A group that does not get what is being tested 27. A reasonable guess based on previous informal observations 22 | P a g e REF: p. 13 (Table 1- 2) REF: p. 13 (Table 1- 2) REF: p. 13 (Table 1- 2) REF: p. 13 (Table 1- 2) REF: p. 13 (Table 1- 2) REF: p. 13 (Table 1- 2) REF: p. 13 (Table 1- 2) REF: p. 13 (Table 1- 2) REF: p. 13 (Table 1- 2) REF: p. 13 (Table 1- 2) REF: p. 13 (Table 1- 2) REF: p. 13 (Table 1- 2)28. A process used to test a hypothesis 29. A group that receives what is being tested 24. ANS: OBJ: C 2 25. ANS: B OBJ: 2 26. ANS: OBJ: E 2 27. ANS: A OBJ: 2 28. ANS: OBJ: 29. ANS: OBJ: D 2 F 2 DIF: TOP: Memorization Scientific method DIF: Memorization TOP: Scientific method DIF: TOP: Memorization Scientific method DIF: Memorization TOP: Scientific method DIF: TOP: DIF: TOP: Memorization Scientific method Memorization Scientific method REF: p. 4 REF: p. 4 ESSAY 1. Explain the concept of homeostasis. Why is this so important to the survival of the body? ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Application REF: pp. 12-14 OBJ: 9 TOP: The balance of body functions 2. Explain a positive feedback loop. Give an example of a positive feedback loop in the body. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Application REF: p. 15 TOP: The balance of body functions 3. Explain a negative feedback loop. How does a negative feedback loop assist in maintaining homeostasis? ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 15 TOP: The balance of body functions 4. List and briefly explain the levels of organization in the body. ANS: (Answers may vary) 23 | P a g e OBJ: 9 REF: p. 4 REF: p. 4 REF: p. 4 REF: p. 4 OBJ: 9DIF: Memorization TOP: Structural levels of organization REF: pp. 4-6 OBJ: 3 5. List and briefly explain the process of the scientific method. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Memorization TOP: Scientific method REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 6. Develop and explain an experiment that tests the hypothesis that people with high levels of vitamin C in their diets have fewer colds than people with low levels of vitamin C in their diets. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Memorization TOP: Scientific method REF: p. 4 7. Explain the difference between a hypothesis and a theory. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Application REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 OBJ: 2 TOP: Scientific method 8. Explain how the control group is used to determine the success of the test group and the experiment. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Application REF: p. 4 OBJ: 2 TOP: Scientific method 9. What is the relationship between a meter and a yard, an inch and a centimeter, and a pound and a gram? ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Application REF: p. 4 24 | P a g e OBJ: 2 TOP: Metric System10. Describe anatomical position. Explain the terms supine and prone. 25 | P a g eANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Memorization TOP: Anatomical position REF: p. 7 OBJ: 4 11. Name and explain the 10 anatomical directions. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Memorization TOP: Anatomical directions REF: p. 7 12. Name and describe the three planes or body sections. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Memorization TOP: Planes or body sections REF: pp. 8-9 13. Describe the parts of the ventral body cavity. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: OBJ: 5 OBJ: 5 REF: p. 9 OBJ: 6 Memorizatio n TOP: Body cavities 14. Describe the parts of the dorsal cavity and explain what each part contains. ANS: (Answers may vary) DIF: Memorization TOP: Body cavities REF: p. 9 OBJ: 6 15. What makes up the axial portion of the body? What makes up the appendicular portion of the body? ANS: (Answers may vary) 26 | P a g eDIF: Memorization REF: p. 13 (Table 1-2) OBJ: 8 TOP: Body regions Chapter 02: Chemistry of Life MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following is not a subatomic particle that makes up the atom? a. Ion b. Proton c. Neutron d. Electron ANS: A OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms 2. The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of a. electrons b. neutrons c. protons d. both b and c above ANS: C OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms 3. The atomic mass of an atom is equal to the number of a. electrons b. neutrons c. protons d. both b and c above ANS: D OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms 4. This subatomic particle is found in the nucleus of the atom. a. Electron b. Neutron c. Proton d. Both b and c above ANS: D OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 23 5. This subatomic particle is found in orbitals around the nucleus of the atom. a. Electron b. Neutron c. Proton d. Both b and c above ANS: A 27 | P a g e DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 REF: p. 23 REF: p. 23 REF: p. 23OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 6. This is not a characteristic of a proton: a. contributes to the atom’s atomic number b. contributes to the atom’s atomic mass c. is located in the nucleus of the atom d. carries a negative electrical charge ANS: D OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms 7. This is not a characteristic of a neutron: a. contributes to the atom’s atomic number b. contributes to the atom’s atomic mass c. is located in the nucleus of the atom d. has no electrical charge ANS: A OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms 8. This is not a characteristic of an electron: a. is in an orbital around the nucleus of the atom b. has a negative electrical charge c. contributes to the atom’s atomic number d. all of the above are characteristics of an electron ANS: C OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 23 9. A particular atom has 16 protons, 17 neutrons, and 16 electrons. The atomic number of this atom is a. 49 b. 32 c. 33 d. 16 ANS: D TOP: Atoms 10. A particular atom has 16 protons, 17 neutrons, and 16 electrons. The atomic mass of this atom is a. 49 b. 32 c. 33 d. 16 ANS: C TOP: Atoms 11. The second energy level of an atom 28 | P a g e DIF: Application REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 DIF: Application REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 REF: p. 23 REF: p. 23a. has four orbitals b. can hold eight electrons c. is a lower energy level then the first energy level d. both a and b above ANS: B TOP: Atoms 12. Compounds are a. pure substances b. made up of only one type of atom c. made up of two or more different types of atoms d. both a and b above ANS: C OBJ: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds 13. The formula for oxygen gas is O2; this means it is a. made up of two atoms of oxygen b. a molecule c. a compound d. both a and b above ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 24 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds 14. If an atom had 20 protons and 18 electrons, it would a. have a negative 2 charge b. have a plus 2 charge c. be attracted to a positively charged ion d. both a and c above ANS: B TOP: Ionic bonds 15. Ionic bonds: a. usually dissolve easily in water b. produced ions when dissolved in water c. are formed by atoms of opposite charge d. all of the above ANS: D OBJ: 3 DIF: Memorization TOP: Ionic bonds 16. Covalent bonds a. dissociate in water b. are formed when electrons are shared between atoms c. are formed by atoms of opposite charge d. both a and c above ANS: B OBJ: 3 29 | P a g e DIF: Memorization TOP: Covalent bonds REF: pp. 25-26 REF: p. 25 DIF: Application REF: p. 25 OBJ: 3 OBJ: 1 DIF: Application REF: p. 24 OBJ: 217. Organic compounds must contain a. oxygen b. carbon–oxygen bonds c. hydrogen–oxygen bonds d. none of the above ANS: D OBJ: 4 DIF: Memorization TOP: Inorganic chemistry 18. Which of the following is not true of water? a. Water is the most abundant organic compound in the body. b. Water is found both in and around the cells of the body. c. Water is the solvent in which most other compounds are dissolved. d. All of the above are true of water. ANS: A OBJ: 5 DIF: Memorization TOP: Water 19. In a dehydration synthesis reaction: a. water is a reactant b. water is a product c. a large molecule is broken down into a smaller one d. both a and c above ANS: B OBJ: 5 DIF: Memorization TOP: Water 20. In a dehydration synthesis reaction: a. hydrogen and oxygen are removed from the reactants b. water is added to the reactants c. water is broken down into hydrogen and oxygen d. both a and c above ANS: A OBJ: 5 DIF: Memorization TOP: Water 21. In a hydrolysis reaction: a. water is a product b. water is a reactant c. water is broken down into hydrogen and oxygen d. the product is larger than either reactant ANS: B OBJ: 5 DIF: Memorization TOP: Water REF: p. 27 22. Which of the following statements is true? a. The process of hydrolysis is used to build a larger molecule from smaller molecules. b. Water is an end product of a hydrolysis reaction. 30 | P a g e REF: p. 27 REF: p. 27 REF: p. 27 REF: p. 27c. The process of dehydration synthesis is used to build a larger molecule from smaller molecules. d. Water is a reactant in a dehydration synthesis reaction. ANS: C DIF: Memorization OBJ: 5 TOP: Water 23. Which is not true of the following chemical equation? K+ + Cl– KCl a. The equation indicates that there are two reactants. b. The equation indicates that there is one product. c. The equation indicates that the reaction occurs in both directions equally. d. All of the above are true. ANS: C OBJ: 4 DIF: Memorization TOP: Inorganic chemistry 24. An acid a. has a pH greater than 7 b. has a pH less than 7 c. has more OH– ions than H+ ions in solution d. both a and c above ANS: B OBJ: 6 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 25. A base a. has a pH greater than 7 b. has a pH less than 7 c. has more OH– ions than H+ ions in solution d. both a and c above ANS: D OBJ: 6 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 26. A solution with a pH of 6 a. is an acid b. is a base c. has 10 times more H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 5 d. both a and c above ANS: A OBJ: 6 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 27. A solution with a pH of 11 a. is an acid b. is a base c. has 10 times more OH– ions than a solution with a pH of 10 d. both b and c above ANS: D 31 | P a g e DIF: Memorization REF: p. 28 REF: p. 28 REF: p. 28 REF: p. 28 REF: p. 28 REF: p. 27OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 28. When the body removes CO2 by way of the respiratory system a. it lowers the pH of the blood b. it raises the pH of the blood c. it has no effect on pH because CO2 is neither an acid nor a base d. it is acting as a buffer ANS: B OBJ: 6 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 29. If a strong acid were added to one container of pure water and an equal amount of a weak acid were added to a second container of pure water: a. the pH of both containers would go up equally b. the pH of both containers would go down equally c. the pH of the container with the strong acid would go up more than the container with the weak acid d. none of the above ANS: D DIF: Application REF: p. 28 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 30. Which of the following is a monosaccharide? a. Glucose b. Sucrose c. Lactose d. Glucagon ANS: A OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Carbohydrates 31. Which of the following is a disaccharide? a. Glucose b. Sucrose c. Starch d. Glycogen ANS: B REF: p. 30 OBJ: 6 REF: p. 29 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 OBJ: 7 TOP: Carbohydrates 32. Which of the following is a polysaccharide? a. Glucose b. Lactose c. Sucrose d. Glycogen ANS: D DIF: Memorization OBJ: 7 TOP: Carbohydrates REF: p. 30 33. Liver cells and muscle cells are able to store chains of glucose in a molecule called a. glycogen b. polyglucose 32 | P a g ec. sucrose d. lactose ANS: A OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Carbohydrates 34. Which of the following is not true of triglycerides? a. A part of the molecule attracts water. b. The molecule contains three fatty acids. c. The molecule contains glycerol. d. Triglycerides are used by the body to store energy. ANS: A OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Lipids 35. Which of the following is not true of phospholipids? a. The molecule contains three fatty acids. b. The molecule has a water-attracting part. c. The molecule has a water-repelling part. d. It is important in the structure of the cell membrane. ANS: A OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Lipids 36. Which of the following is not true of cholesterol? a. It is a steroid lipid. b. It helps stabilize the cell membrane. c. It contains only two fatty acids. d. It is the starting point for making the hormone estrogen. ANS: C OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Lipids 37. This lipid can be found in the cell membrane a. triglycerides b. phospholipids c. cholesterol d. both b and c above ANS: D OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Lipids 38. Which of the following is a structural protein? a. Hormones b. Collagen c. Growth factor d. Enzymes ANS: B OBJ: 7 33 | P a g e DIF: Memorization TOP: Proteins REF: p. 32 REF: p. 31 REF: p. 31 REF: p. 30 REF: p. 30 REF: p. 3039. The ―lock and key‖ model is use to describe the functioning of a. enzymes b. collagen molecules c. keratin molecules d. both a and c above ANS: A OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Proteins 40. Which of the following is not true of enzymes? a. They function on the lock and key model. b. They are functional proteins. c. They are catalysts. d. All of the above are true of enzymes. ANS: D OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Proteins 41. This molecule is found in DNA but not RNA a. guanine b. thymine c. uracil d. adenine ANS: B OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorizatio n TOP: Nucleic acids 42. This molecule is found in DNA but not RNA a. adenine b. ribose sugar c. deoxyribose sugar d. phosphate ANS: C OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Nucleic acids 43. This molecule is found in RNA but not DNA a. guanine b. thymine c. uracil d. adenine ANS: C OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorizatio n TOP: Nucleic acids 44. This molecule is found in RNA but not DNA a. ribose sugar b. deoxyribose sugar 34 | P a g e REF: p. 32 REF: p. 32 REF: p. 32 REF: p. 32 REF: p. 32c. adenine d. cytosine ANS: A OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Nucleic acids REF: p. 32 45. This subatomic particle does not contribute to the mass of an atom a. proton b. neutron c. electron d. all of the above particles contribute to the mass of an atom ANS: C OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 23 46. The magnesium atom has two electrons in its outer energy level and is willing to donate both of them. The sodium atom has seven electrons in its outer energy level and will accept one electron. The chemical formula for the compound formed by magnesium and sodium would be a. Mg2Na b. MgNa2 c. Mg2S d. MgS2 ANS: B TOP: Ionic bonds 47. Which of the following organs help maintain the proper pH of body fluids? a. Kidneys by forming urine b. Lungs by exhaling carbon dioxide c. Spleen by filtering the blood d. Both a and b above ANS: D OBJ: 6 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 48. Which of the following lipids do not contain fatty acids? a. Phospholipids b. Cholesterol c. Triglycerides d. Both a and b above ANS: B 31 OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Lipids REF: pp. 30- 49. Which of the following lipids are used as starting points in the making of hormones? a. Phospholipids b. Cholesterol c. Triglycerides d. Both b and c above 35 | P a g e REF: p. 29 DIF: Synthesis REF: pp. 25-26 OBJ: 3ANS: B OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Lipids REF: p. 31 50. In an atom, each orbital can hold a. one electron b. two electrons c. eight electrons d. hydrogen can hold two and the rest of the atoms can hold eight ANS: B OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 24 51. An isotope is an atom with a. more protons than electrons b. more electrons than protons c. the same number of protons but different number of neutrons d. either a or b above ANS: C OBJ: 3 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 25 TOP: Clinical Application: Radioactive Isotopes 52. Which of the following carries a positive electrical charge? a. Proton b. Neutron c. Electron d. Both proton and neutron ANS: A OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms 53. Which of the following is found in the nucleus of the atom? a. Proton b. Neutron c. Electron d. Both proton and neutron ANS: D OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 23 54. Which of the following is found in orbitals surrounding the nucleus of the atom? a. Proton b. Neutron c. Electron d. Both proton and neutron ANS: C OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms 55. Which of the following carries no electrical charge? a. Proton 36 | P a g e REF: p. 23 REF: p. 23b. Neutron c. Electron d. Both proton and neutron ANS: B OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 23 56. Which of the following contributes to the atom’s atomic mass? a. Proton b. Neutron c. Electron d. Both proton and neutron ANS: D OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 23 57. Which of the following contributes to the atom’s atomic number? a. Proton b. Neutron c. Electron d. Both proton and neutron ANS: A OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms 58. Which of the following carries a negative electrical charge? a. Proton b. Neutron c. Electron d. Both proton and neutron ANS: C OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization TOP: Atoms REF: p. 23 59. Which of the following contain three fatty acids and a molecule of glycerol? a. Enzymes b. Triglycerides c. Phospholipids d. All of the above ANS: B OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Lipids 60. Which of the following is an example of a monosaccharide? a. Glucose b. Lactose c. Glycogen d. Starch ANS: A 37 | P a g e DIF: Memorization REF: p. 30 REF: p. 29 REF: p. 23OBJ: 7 TOP: Carbohydrates 61. Which of the following has thymine as one of its nucleotides? a. DNA b. RNA c. Both a and b above d. Neither a nor b above ANS: A OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Nucleic acids REF: p. 32 62. Which of the following is a lipid with a water-attracting and water-repelling part of its molecule? a. Triglycerides b. Cholesterol c. Phospholipids d. None of the above ANS: C OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Lipids 63. Which of the following is an example of a structural protein? a. Enzymes b. Collagen c. Glycogen d. None of the above ANS: B OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Proteins REF: p. 32 64. Which of the following is an example of a functional protein? a. Collagen b. Glycogen c. Enzymes d. None of the above ANS: C OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Proteins REF: p. 32 65. Which of the following is a lipid that can be found along with cholesterol in the cell membrane? a. Triglycerides b. Phospholipids c. Both a and b above d. Neither a nor b above ANS: B OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Lipids REF: p. 30 66. Which of the following is a nucleic acid with a double helix structure? a. DNA 38 | P a g e REF: p. 30b. RNA c. Both a and b above d. Neither a nor b above ANS: A OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Nucleic acids REF: p. 32 67. Which of the following is a protein whose function is explained by the lock and key model? a. Collagen b. Glycogen c. Enzymes d. None of the above ANS: C OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Proteins 68. Which of the following has uracil as one of its nucleotides? a. DNA b. RNA c. Both a and b above d. Neither a nor b above ANS: B OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Nucleic acids 69. Which of the following is an example of a disaccharide? a. Glucose b. Dextrose c. Glycogen d. Lactose ANS: D OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Carbohydrates REF: p. 30 70. Which of the following is a starting substance for making the hormones estrogen and testosterone? a. Lactose b. Collagen c. DNA d. Cholesterol ANS: D OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Lipids 71. Which of the following acts as a chemical catalyst? a. DNA b. RNA c. Enzymes d. Phospholipids ANS: C 39 | P a g e DIF: Memorization REF: p. 32 REF: p. 31 REF: p. 32 REF: p. 32OBJ: 7 TOP: Proteins 72. Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide? a. Glucose b. Glycogen c. Dextrose d. Lactose ANS: B OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Carbohydrates 73. Which of the following is the steroid lipid? a. Cholesterol b. Triglycerides c. Enzymes d. Phospholipids ANS: A OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Lipids REF: p. 31 74. This element is not one of the elements that make up 96% of the body. a. Nitrogen b. Hydrogen c. Oxygen d. Sodium ANS: D OBJ: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds 75. This is a way the body can remove excess H+ ions from the body a. excreting them in the urine b. exhaling CO2 from the lungs c. using a buffer d. all of the above can remove H+ ions from the blood ANS: D DIF: Memorization OBJ: 6 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts 76. This modified nucleotide plays an important role in energy-transfer in the body a. adenosine triphosphate b. enzymes c. mRNA d. glycoproteins ANS: A OBJ: 7 DIF: Memorization TOP: Nucleic acids 77. Low blood pH results in a condition called a. alkalosis b. acidosis c. atherosclerosis 40 | P a g e REF: p. 33 REF: p. 29 REF: p. 30d. hydrolysis ANS: B OBJ: 6 DIF: Memorization TOP: Acids, bases, and salts REF: p. 29 TRUE/FALSE 1. Matter can be defined as anything that occupies space and has mass. ANS: T OBJ: 1 DIF: Memorization TOP: Levels of chemical organization REF: p. 23 2. Atoms have never been seen by scientists, but their presence is strongly supported by the atomic theory. ANS: F DIF: Memorization OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 3. The proton of the atom carries a positive electrical charge. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 4. The proton of the atom is found in orbitals around the nucleus. ANS: F DIF: Memorization OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 5. The proton of an atom is found in the nucleus. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 6. An atom with 15 protons would have an atomic mass of 15. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 23 TOP: Atoms 7. An atom with 15 protons would have an atomic number of 15. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 23 TOP: Atoms 41 | P a g e OBJ: 2 REF: p. 23 REF: p. 23 REF: p. 23 REF: p. 23 OBJ: 28. An atom with 15 protons and 15 electrons would have an atomic mass of 30. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 23 TOP: Atoms 9. An atom with 15 protons and 15 neutrons would have an atomic mass of 30. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 23 TOP: Atoms 10. Neutrons have no electrical charge. ANS: T OBJ: 2 OBJ: 2 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 23 OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 11. Neutrons and electrons are found in the nucleus of the atom. ANS: F DIF: Memorization OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 12. Neutrons contribute to the atomic number of an atom. ANS: F DIF: Memorization OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 13. Neutrons contribute to the atomic mass of the atom. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 14. Electrons carry a negative electrical charge. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 15. The number of electrons plus the number of protons is equal to the atomic number of an atom. ANS: F DIF: Memorization OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 16. All orbitals of an atom can hold two electrons. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 17. All energy levels of an atom can hold four orbitals. ANS: F DIF: Memorization 42 | P a g e REF: p. 24 REF: p. 23 REF: p. 23 REF: p. 23 REF: p. 23 REF: p. 23 REF: p. 23OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 18. All energy levels can hold eight electrons. ANS: F DIF: Memorization OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 19. The first energy level of an atom can hold only two orbitals. ANS: F DIF: Memorization OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 20. The first energy level of an atom is closest to the nucleus and is the lowest energy level. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 21. The terms energy level and electron orbital are interchangeable. ANS: F DIF: Memorization OBJ: 2 TOP: Atoms 22. Elements are pure substances. ANS: T REF: p. 24 REF: p. 24 REF: p. 24 REF: p. 24 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 OBJ: 1 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds 23. The terms molecule and compound are interchangeable. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 OBJ: 1 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds 24. A formula of a compound tells you the number and types of elements that make up that compound. ANS: T OBJ: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds 25. The elements sodium, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen make up 96% of the human body. ANS: F DIF: Memorization REF: p. 24 OBJ: 1 TOP: Elements, molecules, and compounds 26. An atom is said to be chemically stable when its outer energy level is full. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 3 43 | P a g e TOP: Chemical bonding REF: p. 2427. An atom with one more electron than proton would have a plus one charge. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 25 TOP: Ionic bonds 28. In order for an atom to be an ion, the number of electrons cannot equal the number of protons. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 25 TOP: Ionic bonds 29. When ionic compounds dissolve in water, they tend to dissociate into ions. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 3 TOP: Ionic bonds 30. The ions that are dissolved in water are called electrolytes. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 3 TOP: Ionic bonds 31. The symbol for a sodium atom that has lost one electron would be Na. ANS: F DIF: Application REF: p. 25 TOP: Ionic bonds 32. The symbol for a sodium atom that has lost one electron would be Na+. ANS: T DIF: Application REF: p. 25 TOP: Ionic bonds 33. Atom X has eight electrons, two in its first energy level and six in its second energy level. It would most likely form an ion with a plus two charge. ANS: F TOP: Ionic bonds 34. Covalent bonds do not usually dissociate in water. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 3 TOP: Covalent bonds 35. Covalent bonds dissociate into ions when dissolved in water. ANS: F DIF: Memorization OBJ: 3 TOP: Covalent bonds 36. All compounds in the human body are, by definition, organic compounds. 44 | P a g e DIF: Synthesis REF: p. 25 OBJ: 3 OBJ: 3 OBJ: 3 REF: p. 25 OBJ: 3 OBJ: 3 REF: p. 25 REF: p. 26 REF: p. 26ANS: F OBJ: 4 DIF: Memorization TOP: Inorganic chemistry 37. Organic compounds must have either a C–C or C–H bond. REF: p. 27 45 | P a g eANS: T OBJ: 4 DIF: Memorization TOP: Inorganic chemistry 38. Water is an inorganic compound. ANS: T REF: p. 27 DIF: Memorization REF: p. 27 OBJ: 5 TOP: Water 39. Aqueous solutions have water as the solvent. ANS: T DIF: Memorization OBJ: 5 TOP: Water 40. In a dehydration synthesis reaction, water is always a reactant. ANS: F DIF: Memorization