WGU pathophysiology D236-Exam Questions and Answers

#Aortic stenosis/regurgitation #Mitral stenosis/regurgitation - *Mitral valve stenosis* occurs when the mitral valve in the heart narrows, restricting blood flow into the main pumping chamber. The mitral valve may also leak, causing *blood to flow back through the valve each time the left ventricle contracts*. This condition is called mitral valve regurgitation. *Backflow of blood* is caused by failure of the heart's mitral valve to close tightly. *Mitral valve regurgitation* is a condition in which the heart's mitral valve does not close tightly, which allows *blood to flow backward in the heart*. Acid Base Balance - lung and kidney compensation - The kidneys have two main ways to maintain acid-base balance - their cells reabsorb bicarbonate HCO3− from the urine back to the blood and they secrete hydrogen H+ ions into the urine. By adjusting the amounts reabsorbed and secreted, they balance the bloodstream's pH. Anemia - Different types of anemia include: Anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency Anemia due to folate (folic acid) deficiency Anemia due to iron deficiency Anemia of chronic disease Hemolytic anemia Idiopathic aplastic anemia Megaloblastic anemia Pernicious anemia Sickle cell anemia Thalassemia Aortic regurgitation - Aortic valve regurgitation — or aortic regurgitation — is a condition that occurs when your heart's aortic valve doesn't close tightly. As a result, some of the blood pumped out of your heart's main pumping ch