GIA Diamonds & Diamond Grading - Tigran Mujukian questions and answers verified 100%

GIA Diamonds & Diamond Grading - Tigran Mujukian questions and answers verified 100%GIA Diamonds & Diamond Grading - Tigran Mujukian questions and answers verified 100% A diamond grading system provides - a consistent way to communicate diamond quality A wholesaler is someone who - sells to retailers Diamond prices on wholesale price lists - depend on the market conditions that exist when the lists are published Large, high-quality diamonds are - graded much more thoroughly than small, low-quality ones Diamond's supreme hardness and durability are - a result of the conditions under which it formed Once diamond deposits are located, mining companies - must spend additional time and money to evaluate and develop them An estimation of the value of an article is a(n) - appraisal The most consistent and dependable sources of diamond grades are - reputable gemological laboratories Substantial price discounts are available to retailers and jewelry manufacturers who - can buy in large quantities A diamond's clarity and color grades indicate its - quality Reputable gemological laboratories don't grade mounted diamonds because - mountings hide details of clarity and cut Dealers often sort melee by size using - sieves The diamond industry has changed dramatically in recent years because - the world's supply of diamond rough has increased The Argyle mine in Australia contributed to - the rise of the cutting industry in India Wholesale price lists are usually organized according to - specific combinations of the Four C's Before the discovery of South Africa's diamond deposits, the world's two major producers were India and - Brazil Diamond sources started appearing in South Africa during the - 1860s The Central Selling Organisation was a - rough diamond distribution agency The South African diamond rush was sparked by - the discovery of the Star of South Africa The soft, diamond-bearing material near the surface of a diamond field was named - yellowground Cecil Rhodes' main competitor in his early attempts to control diamond production was - Barney Barnato Who established De Beers Consolidated Mines Ltd. in 1888? - Cecil Rhodes De Beers Consolidated Mines Ltd. was named after - the owners of a farm where one of the first diamond rushes took place The group that united in 1890 to buy and sell all of the output of the major diamond producers, including De Beers, was the - London Diamond Syndicate Oppenheimer's answer to low diamond demand in the 1930s was to - shut down operations at De Beers mines The Diamond Information Center and the Diamond Promotion Service were created to - assist in diamond marketing efforts The path diamonds followed from mine to consumer was called the - diamond pipeline Sightholders purchase diamond rough by - attending invitation-only trading events De Beers requires its sightholders to have an excellent reputation in the industry and - the financial strength to make large purchase commitments In the diamond trade, the word "specials" refers to - diamond rough over 10.80 cts Which diamond mine's huge proGIA Diamonds & Diamond Grading - Tigran Mujukian questions and answers verified 100%duction influenced the world market in the late 1980s? - Argyle A commitment to reserve a portion of the resources derived from any country for the economic development of that country is called - beneficiation A city, region, or country with a large number of gemstone manufacturers is called a - cutting center One of the changes that resulted from De Beers' strategic review in 1999 was that De Beers - changed the name of the CSO to the DTC In 2000, De Beers altered its consumer advertising by - introducing the "Forevermark" logo The diamond industry program designed to ensure that diamonds do not fund civil conflict or terrorism is called - the Kimberley Process Businesses that sell to consumers via television or computer are called - electronic retailers De Beers became a privately owned company in - May 2001 Vast quantities of small, inexpensive diamonds suitable for low-cost, mass-market jewelry are mined in - Australia The involvement of a business or industry in all aspects of its product's market is called - vertical integration By 2004, more than 90 percent of manufacturing for the diamond market was done in - India The program adopted by De Beers in 2007 to answer critics and resolve shortcomings of its COS program is called - Supplier of Choice 2 In South Africa, a new mining charter that designates the people of the country as the owners of its mineral resources is a result of - Black Economic Empowerment Because the Australians believed the CSO's marketing favored large stones over smaller ones, they - aggressively promoted jewelry set with their own tiny gems A bourse is a(n) - diamond buying and selling club How far beneath the earth's surface do diamonds form? - 90 to 140 miles The deep vertical formations through which diamonds traveled to the surface are called - pipes The first authenticated diamond discovered in South Africa is the - Eureka Most of the world's kimberlite pipes - do not contain diamonds in profitable quantities The correct conditions for diamond formation exist under - cratons Scientists have found that diamonds form in two types of rocks, called - peridotite and eclogite The large, stable parts of the earths' continental crust are called - cratons Diamond and graphite are both made of - carbon Diamond is hard and graphite is soft because of the difference in - the way their atoms fit together The proper environment for diamond formation includes the right temperature, pressure, and - the availability of carbon Subduction occurs when - two of the earth's crustal plates collide Diamonds were delivered to the earth's surface as recently as - 20 million years ago The three main components of the earth are the crust, mantle, and - core Before arriving at the earth's surface, diamonds might remain in the mantle for as long as a few - hundred million years During emplacement, if diamonds are exposed to high temperature along with decreased pressure for a long period, they will - convert to graphite Diamond deposits found at the ocean's shore are - marine deposits For more than 2,000 years, the only known diamond sources were - alluvial Diamonds are more concentrated in - marine deposits Only a small percentage of known diamond deposits are mined because most - are not profitable A mine's potential profitability depends in part on - its ore grade Most of the diamonds mined today come from - pipes Diamonds classified as cuttable can be 100 times more valuable than - industrial diamonds Indicator minerals in kimberlite and lamproite might include tiny - diamonds The first step in exploring for diamonds is to - look for the oldest parts of the earth's crust Gravity sorting separates diamonds from - lighter materials Diamond rough suitable for use in tools, drills, and abrasives is - industrial quality To focus their search for diamond deposits, geologists look for - indicator minerals Diamond rough suitable for use in jewelry is called - cuttable A profitable mine - produces diamonds whose value is higher than the mine's operating costs The concentration of diamonds within a pipe is called - ore grade Shortly before the discovery of the South African deposits, the world's major diamond producer was - Brazil Most diamonds from Australia are - small and poor in quality Russia's significant diamond deposits are in - Siberia African diamonds are recovered from - pipe, alluvial, and marine deposits The largest percentage of world diamond production (by weight) is mined in - Australia Chambering and block caving are methods used in - mining diamond pipes Diamond's attraction to grease is used in - separating diamond from ore gravels Most modern diamond-mining operations are - large in scale and extremely expensive A horizontal tunnel drilled through a diamond pipe is called a - drift Dirt and clay are washed from diamond-bearing ore by - scrubbers Removal of mineral-bearing ore from a surface excavation is called - open-pit mining Dense media separation is based on the fact that - diamonds sink to the bottom of a mix of crushed ore The Argyle mine is famous for diamonds that are - pink The shift in emphasis from alluvial to primary diamond mining was due to - improved technology Russia's diamond sources are almost all - primary Squares or rectangles, GIA Diamonds & Diamond Grading - Tigran Mujukian questions and answers verified 100%, and parallel grooves are types of - growth marks The crystal planes most GIA Diamonds & Diamond Grading - Tigran Mujukian questions and answers verified 100%suitable for cleaving a diamond are the - octahedral planes Which is the softest crystal direction in diamond? - Dodecahedral Crystal shape is an important factor in the evaluation of rough because - it affects the amount of weight retained after cutting The diamond term glassie refers to - a well-formed octahedral crystal A naturally occurring, inorganic substance with a characteristic chemical composition and usually a characteristic crystal structure is known as a - mineral The habit of gem-quality diamond is the - octahedron Another name for the cubic crystal system is - isometric In diamonds, cleavage is caused by - relatively wide spaces between some atomic planes A flat, triangular twinned diamond crystal is called a - macle The strongest of all atomic bonds are called - covalent Solid matter with atoms arranged in a regular, repeating pattern is called a(n) - crystal The smallest group of atoms with a characteristic chemical composition and the basic crystal structure of a mineral is called a(n) - unit cell What is the specific gravity of gem-quality diamond? - 3.52 Atoms in a gem that aren't part of its essential chemical composition are called - trace elements The relative size, arrangement, and contrast of bright and dark areas that result from a diamond's internal and external reflections is called - pattern The flashes of color you see in a polished diamond are called - fire Variations in lighting and surroundings can affect a diamond's - appearance Visible light is - a form of radiant energy White light is actually - a combination of all the spectral colors The passage of light into or through a material is called - transmission The higher the optical density of a material, the - more it slows light down The change in speed and possible change in direction of light as it travels from one material to another is called - refraction In order to exit a diamond, light must strike an inner surface - inside the critical angleGIA Diamonds & Diamond Grading - Tigran Mujukian questions and answers verified 100% The flashes of light and the contrasting dark areas you see when the diamond, the light, or the observer moves are called - scintillation The appearance of a material's surface in reflected light is called - luster Grease on the pavilion of a diamond results in - more light leakage through the pavilion The difference between the RI values of specific violet and red wavelengths of visible light for a given material is its - dispersion The angle of incidence always equals the - angle of reflection The combined effect of all the diamond's surface and internal white light reflections is its - brightness The size of a finished gem depends greatly upon the rough diamond's - shape A notch scratched into diamond rough to prepare it for cleaving is called a - kerf The number of facets on a single-cut diamond is - 17 or 18 An early brilliant that has a circular girdle outline is called - an old European cut The devices that grip and hold a diamond for polishing are known as the - dop and tang The cutting style with a flat bottom and a variable number of facets that come to a peak at the topGIA Diamonds & Diamond Grading - Tigran Mujukian questions and answers verified 100% is the - rose cut The person who decides where to mark diamond rough for fashioning is called the - planner The directional properties and structural features of a diamond crystal do not really matter in - laser sawing The rotary saw contributed to the diamond-cutting industry by - allowing for greater weight retention from rough To help determine crystal directions, diamond cutters look for - growth marks A diamond cutter's main objectives are to produce an attractive finished diamond and - maximize profits The process of polishing the star and upper and lower half facets is called - brillianteering When the rough has a frosty or non-transparent surface, the cutter can look for inclusions by - polishing a window to view the interior The cast-iron disc on which a diaGIA Diamonds & Diamond Grading - Tigran Mujukian questions and answers verified 100%mond is polished is called a - scaife In the cutting sequence, the c