FISDAP Medical Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions!

What is in the RUQ of the abdomen? - ANSWER-Bile duct, liver, gallbladder, and a portion of the colon What is in the LUQ? - ANSWER-stomach , spleen, and a portion of the colon What is in the RLQ? - ANSWER-Two portions of the large intestine (cecum), and the appendix which is attached to the cecum What is in the LLQ? - ANSWER-Large intestine and rectum If a female in child bearing years has pain in the lower quadrant, assume - ANSWER-ectopic pregnancy where a pregnancy in which the fetus develops outside the uterus, typically in a fallopian tube. What design causes a backup of the blood cells? - ANSWER-Capillaries allow blood to move through them a single cell at a time. This slows the movement of blood. However, the design of this system can result in a backup of the blood cells. How is the problem of the backup of blood solved? - ANSWER-To solve this problem, the body has two systems in place to keep the blood cells moving. The first system consists of built-in bypasses at the capillary level. These are called arteriovenous shunts. What are arteriovenous shunts? - ANSWER-Some of the blood cells will exit the arteriole only to be shunted to the venule without ever reaching the true capillary. These blood cells do not offload their oxygen so it might take several passes for any particular blood cell to actively reach the true capillaries where the work of delivering oxygen supplies and removing waste is done. : Most patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis have some sort of shunt, a surgically created connection between a vein and an artery. In dialysis patients have shunts which - ANSWER-should not have a BP cuff on them Patients with chronic renal failure or patients who have missed scheduled dialysis exhibit symptoms of - ANSWER-ranging from simply not feeling well to an altered level of consciousness. In later stages, seizures and coma are possible. Additional signs and symptoms include lethargy, nausea, headaches, cramps, and **edema in the extremities and face because of fluid imbalances. What does chronic renal failure present as? - ANSWER-***vague discomfort*** in the flank but the pain can become quite intense and typically will radiate to the groin. These patients are often agitated and restless as they try to get into a comfortable position to relieve the pain. They may also report nausea and vomiting. IF a person misses a dialysis treatment, what are the first signs? - ANSWER-weakness and pulmonary edema The complications (renal dialysis) of dialysis? - ANSWER-Hypotension Muscle cramps Nausea and vomiting Hemorrhage from the access site Infection at the access site Fever and malaise (illness) can be a symptom if they have an infection in their urinary catheters How to treat the adverse effects of dialysis? - ANSWER-ABCs Asses and manage airway, breathing, and circulation Provide high flow oxygen if indicated Manage bleeds from the access site Position patient sitting up in case of pulmonary edema Position patient supine if the patient is in shock Leave any urinary catheters in place Deliver patient to a hospital with dialysis capability Toxicology scene safety - ANSWER-■ Is there an unpleasant or odd odor in the room? If so, is the scene safe? (This could indicate an inhaled poison.) ■ Are there medication bottles near the patient or at the scene? If so, is there medication missing that might indicate an overdose? ■ Are there alcoholic beverage containers present? ■ Are there syringes or other drug paraphernalia on the scene? ■ Is there a suspicious odor and/or drug paraphernalia present that may indicate the presence of an illegal drug laboratory? Drug laboratories can be volatile, so ensure scene safety