Medical Law & Ethics Final Exam Review 100% Solved

Medical Law & Ethics Final Exam Review 100% Solved health care practitioners those who are trained to administer medical or health care to patients plaintiff the person bringing charges in a lawsuit defendant the person or party against whom criminal or civil charges are brought in a lawsuit liable legally responsible or obligated litigious prone to engage in lawsuits precedent decisions made by judges in the various courts that become rule of law and apply to future cases summary judgment a decision made by a court in a lawsuit in response to a motion that pleads there is no basis for trial fraud dishonest or deceitful practices in depriving, or attempting to deprive, another of his or her rights law rule of conduct or action prescribed or formally recognized as binding or enforced by a controlling authority ethics standards of behavior, developed as a result of one's concept of right and wrong moral values one's personal concept of right and wrong, formed through the influence of the family, culture, and society code of ethics a list of principles intended to govern behavior ethics guidelines publications that detail a wide variety of ethica situations that professional might face in their work and offer principles for dealing with the situations in an ethical manner Hippocratic oath a pledge for physicians, developed by the greek physician Hippocrates circa 400 B.C.E American Medical Association Principles a code of ethics for members of the American Medical Association, written in 1847 bioethics a discipline dealing with the ethical implications of biological research methods and results, especially in medicine medical ethicist or bioethicist specialists who consult with physicians, researchers, and others to help them make difficult ethical decisions regarding patient care ethics committee committee made up of individuals who are involved in a patient's care, including health care practitioners, family members, clergy, and others, with the purpose of reviewing ethical issues in difficult cases etiquette standards of behavior considered to be good manners among members of a profession as they function as individuals in society protocol a code prescribing correct behavior in a specific situation, such as a situation arising in a medical office courtesy the practice of good manners compassion the identification with and understanding of another's situation, feelings, and motives common sense sound practical judgment critical thinking the ability to think analytically, using fewer emotions and more rationality needs-based motivation the theory that human behavior is based on specific human needs that must often be met in a specific order (abraham maslow) order in which "needs-based motivation" are met 1. the need for basic life (food and shelter) 2. the need for a safe and secure enviornment 3. the need to belong and to be loved 4. the need for esteem 5. the need for self-actualization (personal growth) teleological or consequence-oriented theory decision making theory that judges the rightness or wrongness based on the outcomes or predicted outcomes utilitarianism a consequence-oriented theory that states that decisions should be made by determining what results will produce the best outcome for the most people principle of utility used in utilitarianism; requires that the rule used in making a decision must bring about positive results when generalized to a wide variety of situations duty-oriented theory decision-making theory that states that the rightness or wrongness of the act depends on it's intrinsic nature and not the outcome of the act categorial imperative a rule that is considered universal law-binding on everyone and requiring action autonomy the capacity to be one's own person and make one's own decisions without being manipulated by external forces beneficence acts performed by a health care practitioner to help people stay healthy or recover from illness confidentiality keeping medical information strictly private justice providing to an individual what is his or her due role fidelity being faithful to the scope of the services for which you are licensed, certified, or registered veracity truth telling virtue ethics refers to the theory that people who have moral virtues will make the right decisions nonmaleficence the duty to do no harm licensure a mandatory credentialing process established by law, usually at the state level, that grants the right to practice certain skills and endeavors certification a voluntary credentialing process whereby applicants who meet specific requirements may receive a certificate registration a credentialing procedure whereby one's name is listed on a register as having paid a fee and/or met certain criteria within a profession accreditation official authorization or approval for conforming to a specified standard reciprocity the process by which a professional license obtained in one state may be accepted as valid in other states by prior agreement without reexamination tertiary care settings those care settings providing highly specialized services endorsement the process by which a license may be awarded based on individual credentials judged to meet licensing requirements in a new state allopathic means "different suffering" and refers to the medical philosophy that dictates training physicians to intervene in the disease process, through the use of drugs and surgery medical practice acts state laws written for the express purpose of governing the practice of medicine medical boards bodies established by the authority of each state's medical practice acts for the purpose of protecting the health, safety, and welfare of health care consumers through proper licensing and regulation of physicians and other health care practitioners sole proprietorship a form of medical practice management in which a physician practices alone, assuming all benefits and liabilities for the business associate practice a medical management system in which two or more physicians share office space and employees, but practice individually partnership a form of medical practice management system whereby two or more parties practice together under a written agreement specifying the rights, obligations, and responsibilities of each partner corporation a body formed and authorized by law to act as a single person group practice a medical management system in which three or more licensed physicians share the collective income, expenses, facilities, equipment, records, and personnel for the business managed care a system in which financing, administration, and delivery of health care are combined to provide medical services to subscribers for a prepaid fee indemnity a traditional form of health insurance that covers the insured against a potential loss of money from medical expenses resulting from an illness or accident HMO (Health Maintenance Organization) a health plan that combines coverage of health care costs and delivery of health care for a prepaid premium