Chapter 1 - Medical Law & Ethics with Certified Solutions

Chapter 1 - Medical Law & Ethics with Certified Solutions Amoral Lacking or indifferent to moral standards Applied ethics The practical application of moral standards to the conduct of individuals involved in organizations Bioethics Also called biomedical ethics; the moral dilemmas and issues of advanced medicine and medical research Bioethicists Persons who specialize in the field of bioethics Comparable worth Pay equity; the theory that extends equal pay requirements to all persons (men/women) doing work Compassion Ability to have a gentle, caring attitude toward patients and fellow employees Cost/benefit analysis Utilitarianism; an ethical approach in which the benefit of the decision outweighs the costs Due process The entitlement to all employees to have certain procedures followed when they believe their rights are in jeopardy Empathy The ability to understand the feelings of another person without actually experiencing the pain or distress that a person is going through Ethics The branch of philosophy relating to morals and moral principles Fidelity Loyalty and faithfulness to others Indigent A person who is impoverished and without funds Integrity The unwavering adherence to one's principles; dedication to maintaining high standards Laws Rules or actions prescribed by a governmental authority that have a binding legal force Litigious A dispute that has resulted in one party suing another Medical ethics Moral conduct based on principles regulating the behavior of healthcare professionals Medical etiquette Standards of professional behavior that physicians use for conduct with other physicians Medical practice acts Laws established in all 50 states that define the practice of medicine as well as requirements and methods for licensure in a particular state; define what is negligent conduct Morality The quality of being virtuous or practicing the right conduct Precedent A ruling of an earlier case that is then applied to subsequent cases, or served as a model for future cases Principle of autonomy Right to make decisions about one's own life Principle of beneficence Action of helping others and performing actions that result in benefit to another person Principle of justice Warns us that equals must be treated equally Principle of nonmalfeasance Means "First, do no harm" Quality assurance Gathering and evaluating information about the services provided as well as the results achieved and comparing this information with an accepted standard Sanctity of life Sacredness of human life; all human beings must be protected Sexual harassment Unwelcome sexual advances or requests for sexual favors Sympathy Pity for someone else Tolerance A respect for those whose opinions, practices, race, religion, and nationality differ from our own Integrity Example: healthcare professionals washing their hands each time before patient contact even when nobody is looking Beneficence, Fidelity, Gentleness, Justice, Responsibility, Sanctity of life, Work, Humility, Perseverance, Tolerance What are the ten virtues that drive ethical behavior? Utilitarianism, Rights-based, Duty-based, Justice-based, Virtue-based What are five theories of ethics? Utilitarianism An ethical theory based on the principle of the greatest good for the greatest number Rights-based ethics A natural rights ethical theory that places the primary emphasis on a person's individual rights Duty-based ethics Focuses on performing one's duty to various people and institutions Justice-based ethics Based on the moral restraint of "veil of ignorance" Virtue-based ethics A character trait based on a concern for the person Is it legal, Is it balanced, How does it make me feel What are the three steps of the Blanchard-Peale Model? veil of ignorance Justice-based gut feeling decision based on emotion Gather information, Clarify the ethical issues, Resolve the dilemma Dr. Bernard Lo's clinical model Beneficence The action of helping others and performing actions that would result in benefit to another person Gentleness A mild, tenderhearted approach to other people Humility Acquiring an unpretentious and humble manner Perseverance Persisting with a task or idea even against obstacles Responsibility A sense of accountability for one's actions Work An effort applied toward some end goal Honesty, Sympathy, Integrity, Respect, Fairness, Empathy, Compassion, Loyalty What are the eight interpersonal ethics? Honesty the quality of truthfulness, no matter what the situation Fairness treating everyone the same Loyalty a sense of faithfulness or commitment to a person or persons Sexual harassment, Comparable worth, Privacy, Due process Four specific issues that affect the workplace Privacy Confidentiality; the ability to safeguard another person's confidences or information Principle of beneficence, autonomy, nonmalfeasance, justice Four principles that serve as a guideline when confronting bioethical dilemmas Principle of nonmalfeasance Primum non nocere Teological Asserts that an action is right or wrong depending on whether it produces good or bad consequences Deontological Asserts that at least some actions are right or wrong, and thus, we have a duty or obligation to perform them or refrain from performing them, without consideration of the consequences Ethical dilemma Three step process by Blanchard and Peale to solve _______ Always unethical Illegal actions are _______ Measure actions AND moral decision-making standard Law is created to ______ Morality Virtuous is based on _______ Improper record keeping AND unlicensed person practicing medicine Medical practice acts deal with _______ True Some laws are rarely enforced Welfare and confidentiality of patient must be of most concern Mandate of medical ethics Justify cost of treatment The purpose of the cost/benefit analysis is to _______ Specialists who give thought to ethical concerns Bioethicists _______