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Samenvatting - Biotechnologie theorie BC 3

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samenvatting biotechnologie theorie

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January 25, 2024
Number of pages
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2023/2024
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Inhoud
Biotechnologie........................................................................................................................................2
1 Witte biotechnologie...........................................................................................................................2
1.1 Bio-ethanol...................................................................................................................................2
1.1.1 1ste generatie: suiker, zetmeel.................................................................................................2
1.1.2 2de generatie: lignocellulose biomassa...................................................................................2
1.1.3 3de generatie: algen................................................................................................................2
1.2 Bio-gas..........................................................................................................................................2
1.3 Waspoeders..................................................................................................................................2
1.4 Bioplastic......................................................................................................................................3
1.4.1 Bio-PE (&bio-PET)..................................................................................................................3
1.4.2 Polyacrylamide.......................................................................................................................3
1.4.3 Polylactic acid PLA..................................................................................................................3
1.4.4 Polyhydroxyalkanoaat PHA....................................................................................................3
2 Bio farmaceutica..................................................................................................................................4
2.1 Recombinante DNA technologie...................................................................................................4
2.2 Hoofdrolspelers in fermentatie:....................................................................................................5
2.3 Nevenspelers in de fermentatie....................................................................................................5
2.4 Transgene planten........................................................................................................................5
3 Rode biotechnologie............................................................................................................................6
3.1 CRISPR-CAS technologie...............................................................................................................6
3.1.1 werking..................................................................................................................................6
3.1.2 Manipulatie van CRSPR..........................................................................................................6
3.2 Vaccinatietechnologie...................................................................................................................7
3.3 Monoclonale antibodies...............................................................................................................7
3.3.1 Strategieën voor vaccin ontwikkeling.....................................................................................9
4 Celcultuur..........................................................................................................................................10
4.1 Isolatie van cellen:......................................................................................................................10
4.2 1HEK293T cellen.........................................................................................................................10

, Biotechnologie
Definitie: technologie om cellen of bestanddelen ervan commercieel en nuttig te manipuleren en te
exploiteren met als doel een nuttige omzetting te realiseren, grondstoffen of organismen aan te
maken.

GGO’s: genetisch gemanipuleerde organismen

1 Witte biotechnologie
= industrie sector: energie, chemische producten, voedsel, omgeving, …

Doel: van olie gebaseerde industrie  bio gebaseerde industrie

Uitdagingen: kostprijs, technologische uitdagingen, regelgeving, consument overtuigen

Werkt obv enzymen (=biokatalisatoren)

1.1 Bio-ethanol
Input bronnen:

1.1.1 1ste generatie: suiker, zetmeel
 Competitie met voeding

1.1.2 2de generatie: lignocellulose biomassa
 Afvalfracties van gewassen  complexe (=dure) omzetting tot ethanol

Cellulose  glucose

Omzetting gebeurt met enzymen (maag herkauwers)

Hemicellulose (verschillende 6C suikers) xylose

Lignine  delignificatie  cellulose

Stoomexplosie, zuur behandeling, enzymen, oplossen in organische solventen

Lignine als afvalstroom, veel onderzoek naar

1.1.3 3de generatie: algen
 Veel onderzoek naar, nog niet commercieel

1.2 Bio-gas
60% methaan 35% CO2 restfractie (NH3+ H2+ H2S)

Anaerobe vergisting van organisch materiaal

1.3 Waspoeders
Enzymen waardoor lagere temperatuur wassen en hardnekkigere vlekken (lipase, protease, cellulase)
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