Molecular Diagnostics EXAM GRADED A+

Molecular Diagnostics EXAM GRADED A+ nucleoside vs nucleotide - ANSWERnucleoside: base + sugar (A,G,C,T) - sine/dine nucletide: base + sugar + phosphate(s) (AMP,GMP,etc) -ylate components required for synthesis of pyrimidine - ANSWERN1, C4, C5, C6: aspartate C2: CO2 N3: glutamine does not require much energy components required for synthesis of purine - ANSWER3NH3's: 2 glutamine, 1 fumarate N¹⁰ formyl-THF, CO2 glycine requires 7 or 8 ATP's degredation of pyrimidines - ANSWER*cytosine* --deaminate--> *uracil* --> B-alanine *thymine* --> β-aminoisobutyrate --> urea xanthine oxidase deficiency - ANSWER--> hypouricemia ↓ uric acid lesch nyhan syndrom / juvenile gout - ANSWERdeficiency of HGPRTase and PRPP -> purine leads to ↑ uric acid, ↓ AMP this is a pathway for the degradation and build up of purines adenosine deaminase deficiency - ANSWER--> SCID bubble boy overexpression of ADase -> hemolytic anemia deoxyribose occurs at this position - ANSWERC2 because of this, a *3'5' phosphodiester bond* is formed here and DNA is linear, never branched ribose --*ribonucleotide reductase*--> deoxyribose requirements of thymidine synthesis - ANSWERfolate & B12 they are also required for *methionine* synthesis involved in *one carbon* metabolism inhibitors of thymidine synthesis - ANSWER*DHFR inhibitor*: prevents one carbon metabolism -aminopterin, methotrexate, trimethoprim *thymidylate synthesis inhibitor*: pyrimidine analog -5-fluorouracil these are commonly used in *chemotherapy* DNA synthesis always occurs in this direction - ANSWER5' -> 3' this is primary struct