PC 707 Module 4 (Cardiac) Exam 2024

PC 707 Module 4 (Cardiac) Exam 2024 Does conversion of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II cause vasodilation or vasoconstriction? - Answer ️️ -Vasoconstriction (Increases PVR) If epinephrine is secreted, what happens? - Answer ️️ -Tachycardia and vasoconstriction (Increases PVR) Alpha-Blockers, Beta-Blockers, Calcium-Channel Blockers decrease resistance (decreasing PVR) causing what? - Answer ️️ -Vasodilation Na+ holds on to water increasing the PVR or CO? - Answer ️️ -Cardiac Output (CO) A 58 y.o man comes into the clinic and the nurses immediately takes his Bp. Bp 160/92. Should you start him on blood pressure medication immediately? If not, what should you do? - Answer ️️ -No. First let him sit for a couple of minutes, uncross his feet, back rested. Recheck Bp in 5-10 minutes. Should you take a Bp on a full bladder? - Answer ️️ -NO What Bp level is considered Hypertensive? - Answer ️️ -130/80 First management of HTN - Answer ️️ -Lifestyle modifications -Weight loss -DASH -Dietary sodium reduction (<2.4 g of sodium or 6 g of sodium chloride) -Regular aerobic physical activity (e.g., brisk walking) at least 30 min per day, most days of the week -Modification of alcohol consumption (2/day for men, 1/day for women) The DASH diet can lower BP in as little as - Answer ️️ -1-2 months What should you consider when taking BP in elderly? - Answer ️️ -Postural HTN Should you maximize one drug in the elderly or start a second agent? - Answer ️️ -Start a second agent What should you teach elderly patient to do when standing up if they are taking antihypertensives? - Answer ️️ -Stand up slowly What is the MOA for thiazides? - Answer ️️ -Increase urinary excretion of sodium & chloride in equal amounts Inhibit sodium & chloride reabsorption in the distal tubule Deplete sodium and potassium & decrease excretion of calcium & uric acid Side effects of thiazide diuretics - Answer ️️ -Hypokalemia, Hyponatremia Hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, hypertriglycermia and hypercholesteremia What kind of electrolyte problems can thiazide diuretics cause? - Answer ️️ -Hyponatremia and hypokalemia Would you use thiazides in people who have sulfa allergies, renal impairment, or hypokalemia? - Answer ️️ -NO (contraindication) Which diuretic can be useful for women with osteoporosis and HTN because of the calcium- sparing effects - Answer ️️ -Thiazide diureti