Summary ASU Bio 181 Study Notes Updated

ASU Bio 181 Study Notes Updated Energy - takes energy to make energy. homeostasis - Maintaining constantly "insides" - Homeostasis is off when sick, ect. Metabolism - -any energy done to manipulate energy 2 Metabolic processes - anabolic catabolic Cycle - how we exchange energy to fuel life's processes bioenergetics - the study of how organisms exchange energy to fuel life's processes Anabolic - -requires energy (small molecules--> large) -plants do more anabolism (use the sun) Catabolic - -catabolic- releases energy (large molecules--> small) -humans do more catabolism Photosynthesis - -metabolic process that captures sunlight. *Anabolic process *Carbon atoms in carbon dioxide to make glucose. Cellular Respiration - -Consumers and decomposers release the energy in glucose *Catabolic process *Humans use Four types of Energy - -Kinetic energy -Potential energy -Free energy -Activation energy Kinetic Energy - Energy of motion *Thermal, Mechanical, Electrical, Magnetic Potential Energy - energy an object has before being pulled down by gravity. *Chemical, Elastic, Nuclear, Gravitional Free Energy - -Energy availble to work Energy conversion: Transfer of energy *Ex: slingshot potential energy, released coverts to kinetic energy Activation Energy - Specific amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to occur First Law of Thermodynamics - 1st Law -total amount of energy is constant -conservation of matter and energy Second Law of Thermodynamics - Establishment of order has to be balanced with an equal amount of disorder. *Usually satisfied by loss of heat disorder=entropy Energetic Coupling - Endergonic can be pushed to occur by coupling or pairing w/ exergonic processes Ex: carb loading before a race Redox reaction - Extracting energy from one molecule and giving it to another *oxidized = losing electrons *reduced = gaining electrons Activated carriers - Targets of metallic reductions -Recipients of electrons Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) - -when losing a phosphate group, releases energy (free energy) -energy can be used for metabolic processes NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) - -activated carrier that stores electrons temporarily Enzyme - -Fully folded protein *catalyzes (speeds up) chemical reaction -change amount of kinetic energy Mechanism of catalysis - activation energy and transition state Activation energy - -Energy necessary to reorient and change the amount of energy needed so a reaction can take place Transition state - 50/50 chance if proceeds catalyst - lowers activation energy by lowering free energy in transition state ΔG - space in reactants and products Active sites - -bonding site for substrate -closes around substrate