NURS 251 Pharmacology Final Exam (UPDATED 2024) - Portage Learning.

NURS 251 Pharmacology Final Exam (UPDATED 2024) - Portage Learning. Sublingual: When rapid effect is needed right away Subcutaneous: Destroy or inactivated in the GI Tract Intramuscular: Used for drugs with poor oral absorption Topical: For local effects on skin and eyes Pharmaceutics is the study of how various dosage forms influence the way in which the drug affects the body/ Administration of dosage form, dissolution of drug into body/ manipulating chemical compound. Pharmacokinetics is the study of what the body does to the drug, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion/ Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion. Pharmacodynamics is the study of what the drug does to the body/ Drugreceptor interaction. 2. The drug naltrexone is given to prevent relapse or cravings in individuals who use opioids. It binds to opioid receptors blocking endogenous agonist and other opioid drugs from binding and having an effect. Naltrexone is a/an Competitive agonist (binds to the same site of agonist) 3. Due to the many chronic diseases associated with aging the elderly can have decreased blood flow to the liver. With age, there can also be a decrease in liver enzymes, which can increase the duration of a drug in the patient’s systems. Which pharmacokinetic process is affected in this scenario? Metabolism (stored in the body)/ cytochrome P-450 enzymes/ liver/ Grapefruit and statins 4. When the combined effect of two drugs is greater than the sum of the individual effects it refers to Synergism: When the combined effect of two drugs is greater than the sum of their individual effects Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? NURS 251 Pharmacology Final Exam (UPDATED 2024) - Portage Learning. 2 5. True or false. Schedule I drugs have a low abuse potential and are accepted medical use False via having a high abuse potential and no accepted medical use 6. Michael is a 2 year old male with a history of a liver cirrhosis problem caused by biliary atresia. While on a family vacation, Michael developed a fever, and his parents found children’s Motrin as the only antipyretic option at eh hotel convenience shop. Is this an appropriate for Michael? Explain why or why not. Want to earn $1.236 extra per year? 3 No, via Michael’s doctor should be consulted because of his liver cirrhosis 7. Ibuprofen: Antipyretic/NSAID Antihistamine: Sneezing/ runny nose/ Chlorphen Expectorant: Productive cough/ Gaifenesin Phenylephrine: Nasal Congestion/ Decongest Acetaminophen: Analgesic/antipyretic/ Pain/fever Dextromethorphan: Antitussive/Dry Cough 8. True or False. The term antihistamine references drugs that block H1 Receptors True Drugs that block H2 receptors are simply called “H2 blockers 9. Pantoprazole (Protonix, Nexium, Prilosec) PPI Milk of magnesia (Tums, Maalox) Antacid Neutralize gastric acid Famotidine (Pepcid, Tagment Zantac) H2 Receptor blockers Block H2 receptors in Antacids (Gaviscon) Neutralize gastric acid 10. Carl 57-year-old male, has come to the clinic today for a standard wellness visit. The nurse asks Carl, what, if any, medications he is taking? He lists a medication typically associated with arthritis. The nurse has had many patients with Carl’s similar medical history also take glucosamine and chondroitin but fail to report taking these because they are not typical “medications”. What should the nurse discuss with Carl pertaining to supplementation use and reporting whether he takes them? He should disclose this, and know supplements are not safe via being natural. As dietary and herbal products can cause adverse effects, toxic effects, and allergic reactions just like prescription and OTC medications. And can also have drug interactions with other medications causing unwanted side effects. 11. Which treatment for chronic heart failure works by decreasing blood volume, preload and workload required of the heart? ACE- inhibitors or ARBs.