INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY, “THE SCIENCE OF PSYCHOLOGY : AN APPRECIATIVE VIEW”, CHAPTERS 1 & 2

INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY, “THE SCIENCE OF PSYCHOLOGY : AN APPRECIATIVE VIEW”, CHAPTERS 1 & 2 psychology - CORRECT ANSWER- the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. science - CORRECT ANSWER- the use of systematic methods to observe the natural world, including human behavior, and to draw conclusions. behavior - CORRECT ANSWER- everything we do that can be directly observed. mental processes - CORRECT ANSWER- the thoughts, feelings, and motives that each of us experiences privately but that cannot be observed directly. critical thinking - CORRECT ANSWER- the process of reflecting deeply and actively, asking questions, and evaluating the evidence. empirical method - CORRECT ANSWER- gaining knowledge through the observation of events, the collection of data, and logical reasoning. positive psychology - CORRECT ANSWER- a branch of psychology that emphasizes human strengths. structuralism - CORRECT ANSWER- Wundt's approach to discovering the basic elements, or structures, of mental processes; so called because of its focus on identifying the structures of the human mind. functionalism - CORRECT ANSWER- James's approach to mental processes, emphasizing the functions and purposes of the mind and behavior in the individual's adaptation to the environment. natural selection - CORRECT ANSWER- Darwin's principle of an evolutionary process in which organisms that are best adapted to their environment will survive and produce offspring. biological approach - CORRECT ANSWER- an approach to psychology focusing on the body, especially the brain and nervous system. neuroscience - CORRECT ANSWER- the scientific study of the structure, function, development, genetics, and biochemistry of the nervous system. behavioral approach - CORRECT ANSWER- an approach to psychology emphasizing the scientific study of observable behavioral responses and their environmental determinants. psychodynamic approach - CORRECT ANSWER- an approach to psychology emphasizing unconscious thought, the conflict between biological drives (such as the drive for sex) and society's demands, and early childhood family experiences. humanistic approach - CORRECT ANSWER- an approach to psychology emphasizing a person's positive qualities, the capacity for positive growth, and the freedom to choose any destiny. cognitive approach - CORRECT ANSWER- an approach to psychology emphasizing the mental processes involved in knowing: how we direct our attention, perceive, remember, think, and solve problems. evolutionary approach - CORRECT ANSWER- an approach to psychology centered on evolutionary ideas such as adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors. sociocultural approach - CORRECT ANSWER- an approach to psychology that examines the ways in which social and cultural environments influence behavior. The three key parts of the definition of psychology include all of the following, except: - CORRECT ANSWER- physical processes Psychology is formally defined as the scientific study of: - CORRECT ANSWER- behavior and mental processes These behaviors cannot be directly observed: - CORRECT ANSWER- motives, thoughts, feelings Critical thinking is an __________ process involving engaging with ideas and not settling for simple answers. - CORRECT ANSWER- active The empirical method involves all of the following except: - CORRECT ANSWER- subjective thinking Disagreements over theories and findings in psychology have _____ the field of psychology. - CORRECT ANSWER- helped advance The _____ psychology movement emphasizes human strengths, optimal traits, and qualities that reflect the best of humanity. - CORRECT ANSWER- positive What was the major proponent of the functionalist movement? - CORRECT ANSWER- James _______ created the first psychology laboratory. - CORRECT ANSWER- Wundt Wundt and his collaborators believed that the key method of study for their theory of __________ was introspection. - CORRECT ANSWER- structuralism Introspection includes the _________ of one's own thoughts and perceptions. - CORRECT ANSWER- careful consideration