Kuby Immunology Exam 1 Ch's 1-6 Questions And Answers Graded A+

Which is the best definition of "immunity"? - a.The state of having been exposed to a pathogen repeatedly b.The state of being resistant to reinfection with a pathogen <- Correct! c.When an individual has never been exposed to a pathogen d.When the immune system is activated e.When physical barriers are not enough to prevent infection Effectors of the humoral immune system are known as - odies oglobulin ement d.B cells e.All of the above <-Correct! Which of the following cell types are lymphocytes? - Macrophages Mast cells Neutrophils Erythrocytes T cells <-Correct! Which of the following is TRUE about antigens? - They are always derived from pathogens. They are always proteins. Correct Answer -They are recognized by T cells or B cells. They must be microbial in origin. They usually cause cellular damage. Which of the following classes of cell surface receptors are directly encoded in the germline? - TCR BCR Correct! PRRAntibodies All of the above What is the central mechanism for establishing self-tolerance? - a. Self-reactive T cells and B cells are killed during development. <-Correct! b. Individuals that have immune systems that respond to self-antigens do not survive to reproduce. c. Immune cells that react to self-antigens are turned off when they recognize self-tissues. d. Certain immune suppressive cytokines are maintained in tissues to dampen auto reactive immune responses. e. Peripheral tissues have mechanisms to kill T or B cells that respond to them. Which of the following BEST describes chemokines? - a. Membrane receptors that detect the presence of soluble messengers in the environment b. Soluble proteins that recruit specific cells to an area Correct Answer c. Chemical messengers that induce cell differentiation d. Transcription factors that induce the expression of genes involved in cell adhesion e. Adhesion molecules that bind to the inside of blood vessels Which of the following statements BEST differentiates innate and adaptive immune responses? - a. Innate responses are stronger during the primary and less important during the secondary response, while adaptive responses are less robust during primary responses and stronger during secondary responses. <-Correct! b. Innate responses are weaker during the primary and more robust during the secondary response, while adaptive responses are stronger during the primary and weaker during secondary responses. c. Innate responses are slower and weaker than adaptive responses. d. Adaptive responses are slower and weaker than innate responses. e. Adaptive responses are required for effective immune responses, while innate responses are not required.