TNCC Exam Questions and Answers
2023/2024 (Graded A+)
What roles are vital to a trauma team? - Answer--The patient
-The team leader
-Core team
-Contingency and support services
What are the characteristics of an effective team? - Answer-- Clear roles and
responsibilities
- Shared mental model
- Optimize resources
- Strong team leadership
- Engage in regular discipline of feedback
- Strong sense of collective trust and confidence
- Create mechanisms to cooperate and coordinate
- Manage and optimize performance outcomes
-Interdependent and adaptive
What are key foundations to successful teamwork in the care of the trauma patient? -
Answer-
What tools can be used to promote communication within a team structure? What are
the benefits of each? - Answer-- Brief: designed to form the team, designate team roles
and responsibilities, establish climate and goals, and engage the team in short and
long-term planning
- Huddle: ideally convened prior to trauma patient's arrival; communicate critical issues
and emerging events, anticipate outcomes and likely contingencies, assign resources,
express concerns
- Debrief: process improvement
Define trauma - Answer-Injury to living tissue caused by an extrinsic agent; creates
stressors that exceed tissue or organ's ability to compensate
Define epidemiology - Answer-Study of factors that determine and influence the
frequency and distribution of injury, disease, and other health-related events and their
causes in a defined human population
When is the potential for traumatic injury present? - Answer-Whenever energy comes in
contact with the human body
,Define kinematics - Answer-The study of energy transfer as it applies to identifying
actual or intentional injuries
Define biomechanics - Answer-The general study of forces and their effects
Define mechanism of injury - Answer-How external forces are transferred to the body,
resulting in injury
Define potential energy - Answer-Stored energy; "at rest"
Define kinetic energy - Answer-Energy in motion
Describe Newton's First Law of Motion - Answer-A body at rest will remain at rest, and a
body in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an outside force (energy)
Describe Newton's Second Law of Motion - Answer-(F)orce = (m)ass x (a)cceleration; It
takes more force to move a heavy object
Describe Newton's Third Law of Motion - Answer-For every action, there is an equal and
opposite reaction resulting from the transfer of energy
Describe the Law of Conservation of Energy - Answer-Energy can neither be created
nor destroyed, but it can change form
What are the five forms in which energy exist? - Answer-- Mechanical: direct impact of
an object
- Thermal
- Chemical
- Electrical
- Radiant
The consequences of mechanical energy are directly related to __________ energy -
Answer-Kinetic
Kinetic Energy (KE) is equal to - Answer-1/2 the mass multiplied by the velocity squared
In other words: when mass is doubled, energy is doubled; when velocity is doubled,
energy is quadrupled
Kinetic Energy formula - Answer-KE=1/2mv^2
Differentiate between internal and external forces of energy transfer in the context or
trauma. - Answer-External forces are how energy can impact the body (e.g.,
deceleration, acceleration, compression). Internal forces represent the ability of the
body to withstand external forces.
, How do internal forces protect the body from injury? - Answer-- Compression strength:
ability of tissue to resist crush injury or force
- Tensile strength: ability to resist being pulled apart when stretched
- Shear strength: ability to resist a force applied parallel to the tissue
List four main types of traumatic injury - Answer-- Blunt trauma
- Penetrating trauma
- Thermal trauma
- Blast trauma
Examples of blunt trauma - Answer-Falls
MVA
Vehicle vs. pedestrian collisions
Assaults
*Can result from broad energy impacts across large surface areas and involve energy
transfer causing deceleration or acceleration
*Greater distance of transfer diminishes deleterious impacts, and the more focused the
impact, the greater the damage
Deceleration injuries - Answer-Occurs as energy is dispersed from the moving object
* The speed of an impact is often less significant than the distance over which the
energy is transferred
Differentiate between deceleration and acceleration forces. - Answer-pg. 28
What environmental and pathophysiologic factors are considered when the mechanism
of injury is a fall? - Answer-- Point of impact
- Type of surface that is hit
- Tissue's ability to resist
- Acceleration
When is a fall considered significant in the pediatric patient? - Answer-If the fall is from
three times his or her height
Describe the three impacts in the motor vehicle impact sequence. - Answer-1. Vehicle
hits another object
2. Occupant hits interior of vehicle (energy of impacts limited by seatbelt and airbag)
3. Organs hit other internal structures
*Organs continue in motion and can be torn away from their attachments
2023/2024 (Graded A+)
What roles are vital to a trauma team? - Answer--The patient
-The team leader
-Core team
-Contingency and support services
What are the characteristics of an effective team? - Answer-- Clear roles and
responsibilities
- Shared mental model
- Optimize resources
- Strong team leadership
- Engage in regular discipline of feedback
- Strong sense of collective trust and confidence
- Create mechanisms to cooperate and coordinate
- Manage and optimize performance outcomes
-Interdependent and adaptive
What are key foundations to successful teamwork in the care of the trauma patient? -
Answer-
What tools can be used to promote communication within a team structure? What are
the benefits of each? - Answer-- Brief: designed to form the team, designate team roles
and responsibilities, establish climate and goals, and engage the team in short and
long-term planning
- Huddle: ideally convened prior to trauma patient's arrival; communicate critical issues
and emerging events, anticipate outcomes and likely contingencies, assign resources,
express concerns
- Debrief: process improvement
Define trauma - Answer-Injury to living tissue caused by an extrinsic agent; creates
stressors that exceed tissue or organ's ability to compensate
Define epidemiology - Answer-Study of factors that determine and influence the
frequency and distribution of injury, disease, and other health-related events and their
causes in a defined human population
When is the potential for traumatic injury present? - Answer-Whenever energy comes in
contact with the human body
,Define kinematics - Answer-The study of energy transfer as it applies to identifying
actual or intentional injuries
Define biomechanics - Answer-The general study of forces and their effects
Define mechanism of injury - Answer-How external forces are transferred to the body,
resulting in injury
Define potential energy - Answer-Stored energy; "at rest"
Define kinetic energy - Answer-Energy in motion
Describe Newton's First Law of Motion - Answer-A body at rest will remain at rest, and a
body in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an outside force (energy)
Describe Newton's Second Law of Motion - Answer-(F)orce = (m)ass x (a)cceleration; It
takes more force to move a heavy object
Describe Newton's Third Law of Motion - Answer-For every action, there is an equal and
opposite reaction resulting from the transfer of energy
Describe the Law of Conservation of Energy - Answer-Energy can neither be created
nor destroyed, but it can change form
What are the five forms in which energy exist? - Answer-- Mechanical: direct impact of
an object
- Thermal
- Chemical
- Electrical
- Radiant
The consequences of mechanical energy are directly related to __________ energy -
Answer-Kinetic
Kinetic Energy (KE) is equal to - Answer-1/2 the mass multiplied by the velocity squared
In other words: when mass is doubled, energy is doubled; when velocity is doubled,
energy is quadrupled
Kinetic Energy formula - Answer-KE=1/2mv^2
Differentiate between internal and external forces of energy transfer in the context or
trauma. - Answer-External forces are how energy can impact the body (e.g.,
deceleration, acceleration, compression). Internal forces represent the ability of the
body to withstand external forces.
, How do internal forces protect the body from injury? - Answer-- Compression strength:
ability of tissue to resist crush injury or force
- Tensile strength: ability to resist being pulled apart when stretched
- Shear strength: ability to resist a force applied parallel to the tissue
List four main types of traumatic injury - Answer-- Blunt trauma
- Penetrating trauma
- Thermal trauma
- Blast trauma
Examples of blunt trauma - Answer-Falls
MVA
Vehicle vs. pedestrian collisions
Assaults
*Can result from broad energy impacts across large surface areas and involve energy
transfer causing deceleration or acceleration
*Greater distance of transfer diminishes deleterious impacts, and the more focused the
impact, the greater the damage
Deceleration injuries - Answer-Occurs as energy is dispersed from the moving object
* The speed of an impact is often less significant than the distance over which the
energy is transferred
Differentiate between deceleration and acceleration forces. - Answer-pg. 28
What environmental and pathophysiologic factors are considered when the mechanism
of injury is a fall? - Answer-- Point of impact
- Type of surface that is hit
- Tissue's ability to resist
- Acceleration
When is a fall considered significant in the pediatric patient? - Answer-If the fall is from
three times his or her height
Describe the three impacts in the motor vehicle impact sequence. - Answer-1. Vehicle
hits another object
2. Occupant hits interior of vehicle (energy of impacts limited by seatbelt and airbag)
3. Organs hit other internal structures
*Organs continue in motion and can be torn away from their attachments
