TNCC 2023 Exam Questions with 100%
Correct Answers
biomechanics - Answer-general study of forces and their effects
kinematics - Answer-the study of energy as it applies to identifying actual or potential
injuries
mechanism of injury - Answer-how external forces are transferred to the body, resulting
in injury
Newton's Laws of Motion - Answer-1st: A body at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon
by an outside force
2nd: force = mass x acceleration
3rd: For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction, resulting in a transfer of
energy
Law of Conservation of Energy - Answer-Energy can neither be created nor destroyed,
but it can change form
Kinetic Energy:
KE = 1/2 mv^2
Cavitation - Answer-The seperation of tissue as the result of a sound or hydraulic wave
force. This is unique to high-velocity penetrating trauma, including blast injury and
GSWs (crushing, tearing, or shearing injuries occur). Solid organs are more affected.
Blast Trauma - Answer-Overpressure: Sudden change in atmospheric pressure caused
by a blast; can impact a person via crush forces
Dynamic pressure: Includes the impact of explosive fragments and environmental
debris that are displaced by the explosion
Blast Trauma injury levels - Answer-Primary: Found in patients who were close to the
blast; injuries associated with air-filled organs
Secondary: fragment injuries, puncture wounds, lacerations, and impaled objects;
generally cause the most casualties
Tertiary: Result from the patient being blown INTO a large object; include pelvic and
femur fractures and thoracic injuries
Quaternary: Result from heat, flame, gas, and smoke; cause burn injuries
Quinary: The "dirty bomb"; injuries associated with radioactive, biological, or chemical
elements that may be present in the explosion
, Haddon Matrix - Answer-A way of conceptualizing injury prevention strategies based on
the phase and whether the strategy is targeted to the host, the vehicle, or the
environment
Pregnant Trauma changes: - Answer-- Total blood volume increases and improves
moms tolerance to hemorrhage.
- Resting HR increases 10-20 BPM, resulting in increased CO.
- After 20 weeks, supine hypotension can occur.
- Increased hormone levels increase vasodilation, which may make the pregnant patient
in shock appear warm and dry.
- increased risk of nasopharyngeal bleeding and resulting upper airway obstruction d/t
engorged capillaries.
- O2 consumption increases .
- Chest tube placement is higher.
- Plasma volume increases 30% to 50% by the 30th week.
- Increased risk of thromboembolism.
- Abdominal organs are displaced d/t growing uterus.
- BS less audible.
- GI emptying is prolonged.
- More prone to GERD/aspiration.
- Higher risk of UTI d/t urinary retention.
- Urinary frequency increased
- Sacral ligaments soften and relax.
- Increased risk for falls.
- Dilutional anemia is normal
Kleihauer-Betke test - Answer-detects fetal RBCs in maternal circualtion (a sign of
hemorrhage of fetal blood through the placenta); will identify Rh incompatibility and the
need for Rh immune globlulin to protect future pregnancies
Normal FHR is between _______. A Doppler ultrasound will detect fetal heart tones at
10-12 weeks. - Answer-120-160 beats/min
In pregnant traumas, NG tubes are to be avoided. ____tubes are preferred. This is d/t
venous congestion in the nasal mucosa. - Answer-OG
______ are the leading cause of injury related death and hospital admissions in older
adults. _______ are the second leading cause. _______________ are the third leading
cause of trauma in older adults. - Answer-Falls; MVCs; pedestrian related collisons
Because older adults are at an increased risk for fluid overload, isotonic crystalloids are
given at a _____________ and a __________. - Answer-smaller volume, slower rate
For the intubated patient, another tool to check neurologic status is the __________
score - Answer-FOUR
Correct Answers
biomechanics - Answer-general study of forces and their effects
kinematics - Answer-the study of energy as it applies to identifying actual or potential
injuries
mechanism of injury - Answer-how external forces are transferred to the body, resulting
in injury
Newton's Laws of Motion - Answer-1st: A body at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon
by an outside force
2nd: force = mass x acceleration
3rd: For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction, resulting in a transfer of
energy
Law of Conservation of Energy - Answer-Energy can neither be created nor destroyed,
but it can change form
Kinetic Energy:
KE = 1/2 mv^2
Cavitation - Answer-The seperation of tissue as the result of a sound or hydraulic wave
force. This is unique to high-velocity penetrating trauma, including blast injury and
GSWs (crushing, tearing, or shearing injuries occur). Solid organs are more affected.
Blast Trauma - Answer-Overpressure: Sudden change in atmospheric pressure caused
by a blast; can impact a person via crush forces
Dynamic pressure: Includes the impact of explosive fragments and environmental
debris that are displaced by the explosion
Blast Trauma injury levels - Answer-Primary: Found in patients who were close to the
blast; injuries associated with air-filled organs
Secondary: fragment injuries, puncture wounds, lacerations, and impaled objects;
generally cause the most casualties
Tertiary: Result from the patient being blown INTO a large object; include pelvic and
femur fractures and thoracic injuries
Quaternary: Result from heat, flame, gas, and smoke; cause burn injuries
Quinary: The "dirty bomb"; injuries associated with radioactive, biological, or chemical
elements that may be present in the explosion
, Haddon Matrix - Answer-A way of conceptualizing injury prevention strategies based on
the phase and whether the strategy is targeted to the host, the vehicle, or the
environment
Pregnant Trauma changes: - Answer-- Total blood volume increases and improves
moms tolerance to hemorrhage.
- Resting HR increases 10-20 BPM, resulting in increased CO.
- After 20 weeks, supine hypotension can occur.
- Increased hormone levels increase vasodilation, which may make the pregnant patient
in shock appear warm and dry.
- increased risk of nasopharyngeal bleeding and resulting upper airway obstruction d/t
engorged capillaries.
- O2 consumption increases .
- Chest tube placement is higher.
- Plasma volume increases 30% to 50% by the 30th week.
- Increased risk of thromboembolism.
- Abdominal organs are displaced d/t growing uterus.
- BS less audible.
- GI emptying is prolonged.
- More prone to GERD/aspiration.
- Higher risk of UTI d/t urinary retention.
- Urinary frequency increased
- Sacral ligaments soften and relax.
- Increased risk for falls.
- Dilutional anemia is normal
Kleihauer-Betke test - Answer-detects fetal RBCs in maternal circualtion (a sign of
hemorrhage of fetal blood through the placenta); will identify Rh incompatibility and the
need for Rh immune globlulin to protect future pregnancies
Normal FHR is between _______. A Doppler ultrasound will detect fetal heart tones at
10-12 weeks. - Answer-120-160 beats/min
In pregnant traumas, NG tubes are to be avoided. ____tubes are preferred. This is d/t
venous congestion in the nasal mucosa. - Answer-OG
______ are the leading cause of injury related death and hospital admissions in older
adults. _______ are the second leading cause. _______________ are the third leading
cause of trauma in older adults. - Answer-Falls; MVCs; pedestrian related collisons
Because older adults are at an increased risk for fluid overload, isotonic crystalloids are
given at a _____________ and a __________. - Answer-smaller volume, slower rate
For the intubated patient, another tool to check neurologic status is the __________
score - Answer-FOUR
