AFST 235 Exam 3 Questions and Answers 100% Pass

AFST 235 Exam 3 Questions and Answers 100% Pass The modern republic of Zimbabwe is named after ___________________ the stone enclosure When was the "Great Zimbabwe" built? between 1200 and 1450, abandoned more than 500 yrs ago Who was the great zimbabwe built by? iron age ancestors of the shona What happened when people organized into larger politics units? Power and importance of territorial chiefs grew What does the "Divine Right" mean? that kings derive their authority from god Where was the Luba Kingdom located? near lake Kisale in the south east congo basin Who occupied the Luba Kingdom? iron-working farmers, since the 4th century What was the Luba kingdom ideal for? Food surplus, woodlands were ideal for hunting, and lakes & rivers were ideal for fishing Dried fish were a source of : protein What did the people of the luba kingdom get from the north and the south? Iron and salt from the north, and copper from the south People of the Luba Kingdom became expert : craftsmen The Nkongolo Dynasty began under the _________ people songye In the early 1400s, what dynasty replaced the Nkongolo Dynasty? The Illunga dynasty Who founded the Illunga Dynasty? Illinga Kalala Who was Illinga Kalala? founder of the Illunga dynasty and heroic huntsman who possessed magical powers In the Luba Kingdom, provincial governors were appointed by : the kingdom What caused the creation of the Lunda empire? Rivalry within the royal family resulted from the dispersal of the lunda kingdom royals. made the state military oriented Angola Guardians of the shrines who possessed important metalworking skills and were possibly the first to introduce new later iron age technology to the region The Ngola How did the Ngola use their power to unite chiefdoms together? They united the chiefdoms together into a single united state, and by 1500 there was a single "Ngola a kilvaje" (king) Describe the kingdom of Kongo -One of the most important kingdoms to arise in west-central Africa. -Began with small farming villages north of the malebo pool -The area was ideal for development of later iron age skills Describe the region of Bakongo -made up of villages just south of the lower congo -by the 1400s the villages unite into a single kingdom -"Mbanza Kongo" was capital - King was Manikongo In the Kingdom of Kongo, guardians of the shrines were called : mani kabunga In the Kingdom of Kongo, the Kongolese desired : textiles, advisor,artisans, weapons In the Kingdom of Kongo, the Portuguese desired : copper, ivory, slaves Dressed as a male soldier when going into battle and insisted that her troops call her king instead of queen Queen Nzinga What was the "Arabization" of north africa? the gradual migration of Bedouins from Arabia into Northern Africa in the 10th and 13th century Who was responsible for the spread of the Islamic faith and the Arabic language and culture? Muslims Northern coastal route banu hilal inland route; south of atlas banu sulaym ________________ became ruler of Egypt after the death of the last Fatimid caliph, leading to a new dynasty called the Ayyubid Salah Describe the Ayyubid dynasty -Salah was leader - Returned the government of Egypt to stability and prosperity - Returned Egyptians back to the orthodox Sunni Muslim faith Explain Egypt under the Mamluks -powerful military dictatorship - Constantly imported new recruits from Turkey and southern Russia - Red sea trade expanded Fatima's husband is named : Ali explain the shiites vs the sunnis shiites = minority, lineage or bloodline leadership sunnis= majority, orthodox, ummah, abu bakr who were the mamluks? -slaves that came from turkey took over the spice trade route the ottomans a christian nation byzantine empire In portugal, maritime trade was led by : prince henry the portugese raided : the west african coast What were Prince Henry's objectives? - to ally against the muslims - to acquire new trade opportunities Who was Bartolomeu Dias? - 1488 - rounded the "cape of good hope", but returned fearing mutiny the Atlantic slave trade is also known as : The triangular slave trade what does chattel mean? property When did the ottomans conquer egypt? 1517 explain the spread of Islam in Nubia - Led by Arab nomad pastoralists clans - Banu Kanz and the Juhayna What can be easily said about Later Iron Age states of Central Africa? Kingship was achieved by balancing both the secular and religious aspects of society In regards to kingship in the Later Iron Age states of Central Africa, what is does it mean when a king rules by "Divine Right"? The king's connection with the ancestral spirits far exceeds anyone else's within his kingdom what does the term "spirits of the land" mean? ancestral sprits that exist in any given African society One of the more important areas for the early growth of Later Iron Age chieftaincy was the upper Lualaba valley, located around lake _____________ kisale the extensive wooded region located just north of these states is the: congo forest The dynasty that replaced the Nkongolo dynasty of Luba were the Illunga Ngola can be translated to mean : King 'Great Zimbabwe' was built by the Later Iron Age ancestors of the modern day: shona what was the most important resource for the economy of zimbabwe? cattle The word zimbabwe comes from the Shona meaning: "stone building" The Bedouins, who settled in Northern Africa during the 10th and 13th centuries, migrated from which region? Arabia what group migrated to Northern Africa from Arabia taking an inland route just south of Atlas banu sulaym What group migrated to Northern Africa from Arabia taking a northern coastal route? banu hilal What was the main source of income for the Fatimid dynasty? taxation As the Fatimid Dynasty began to collapse, they were in danger of being overrun by Christian Crusaders from Europe who had already established themselves in Antioch and: Jerusalem What dynasty replaced the Fatimid after its collapse? Ayyubid What was the initial cause of the collapse of the Mamluk empire? corruption The Ottomans emerged on the Anatolia peninsula, which is modern day: turkey The conflict during the early 16th century over control of Ethiopian highlands was between the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia and the Muslim kingdom of Adam Which of the following is true about the path Africans had to take to the slave market after being capture and enslaved? The slaves were tied together with ropes or had "yokes" around their necks during the journey. Slavery in the Americas developed along different lines than had slavery in Africa. Which of the following was not one of those differences? In West Africa, enslaved women were only used to make cloth, while they generally did hard agricultural work in the Americas. What steps did the Europeans take to reduce the risk of rebellion at the "slave factories" in Africa? Families and ethnic groups were separated. describe characteristics of a typical slave ship generally poorly constructed, and were more likely to fall apart on their way to the Americas as make it there. The Spanish and Portuguese dominated the early slave trade in Africa. Which nation ousted them from this status in the early seventeenth century? Holland Why did the British want to take over the slave trade in the late 17th century? They needed labor for tobacco cultivation in Virginia and Maryland How many enslaved Africans were the British able to transport to the Americas when the demand for captives was at its highest? In the 1790s, the British moved approximately 50,000 captives from Africa to the Americas. Slave rebellions were not uncommon on slave ships. Which of the following was not a common way for the enslaved to rebel or resist their imprisonment? by stealing life boats and rowing back to shore prior to the ship leaving for the Americas. How did the experience of African women differ from those of African men aboard slave ships? African women experienced sexual violence by the ships' crews. This high level of violence, and its psychological effects, may have led to their lessened sex drives once the women arrived in the Caribbean and Latin America. Where did the majority of the captives from Africa end up? In Brazil, to work on the sugar plantations