AFST 201 QUIZZES WITH CERTIFIED SOLUTIONS

AFST 201 QUIZZES WITH CERTIFIED SOLUTIONS Sahara desert that covers the northern third of the African continent Africa continent in which the origins of humanity lie homo sapiens modern humans the power and status of women in ancient Egypt women held relatively high status, could own property, and be public officials grain production and the concept of monarchy influences Ancient Egypt received from Nubia Ancient Egyptians influenced the development and culture of Greece and later Western civilizations Axum it's people were Semitic and became the first Christian state in sub-Saharan Africa Nile River Valley settlement Egyptians settled along the river and at its mouth Mansa Musa one of the wealthiest rulers the world has known extensive trade in W. Africa shaped political history over time caused because Arab merchants and the religion of Islam entered the region the path a slave took to the market in Africa once captured slaves tied together with ropes, or had "yokes" around their necks during the journey differences in slavery in America and Africa America: used as agricultural laborers, based on race, mostly male steps Europeans took to reduce the risk of rebellion at the slave factories in Africa families and ethnic groups separated slave ships packed tightly to maximize profit, separated by gender to prevent rebellion, high mortality rates due to unsanitary conditions and the rapid spread of disease Holland ousted Spanish and Portuguese from dominating the early slave trade in the early 17th century British wanted to take over slave trade in late 17th century they needed labor for tobacco cultivation in Virginia and Maryland slave transport during highest demand 1790s- British moved approx. 50,000 slaves from Africa to the Americas common slave rebellion drowning themselves, refusing to eat, organizing and carrying out bloody, violent rebellions African women aboard slave ships African women experienced sexual violence by the ships' crews. This high level of violence, and its psychological effects, may have led to their lessened sex drives once the women arrived in the Caribbean and Latin America. where did most of the slaves from Africa go? to Brazil to work on sugar plantations newly arrived Africans group of slaves most open in defying their masters Spanish Florida area that slaves saw as an escape during the early 1700s Asians moved across a land bridge from Siberia to Alaska how most historians believe the Native Americans arrived in N. America Jamestown colonists colonists in the early months of 1619- some of African descent miscegenation more extensive and accepted in French and Spanish colonies -different races having children together Spanish Empire in America Spanish, Indian, and African cultures intermingled African religious beliefs in American colonies until the 19th century, African Americans continued many aspects of their indigenous or Islamic religions John Locke scholar/philosopher who was an influence on Enlightenment in Europe Benjamin Banneker first black civilian employee of the American government; sent Jefferson a copy of his almanac and debated racial theories with him North's economy not as dependent on slavery led to the abolition of slavery in the North Crispus Attucks one of the people who died after accosting British soldiers at the Boston Massacre blacks and Patriot cause during revolution pressed for freedom as their price for fighting, initially forbidden by all 13 states to serve, served on the Patriot side in many important battles and assisted in the cause major combatants during the French-Indian War French & Indian allies versus British, Indian allies, and colonists whites did not want black people to enlist in the army because they believed they were too cowardly and it would inspire rebellion Phillis Wheatley distinguished herself as a poet black soldiers during the Revolution fought at nearly every major battle, had rare opportunities to become an officer, risked their lives as spies behind enemy lines Quakers formed the first anti-slavery organization in the world manumission the act of a "master" freeing a "slave" Free African Society second, more famous, Black mutual aid society established in Philadelphia Northwest Ordinance of 1787 provided ways for the area to form states and come into the union, supported public education, provided rules and regulations for the sale of land Three-Fifths Claus gave the South increased political power on the basis of people who did not have any say in government mutual aid societies earliest Black community institutions Quakers owned slaves but were anti-slavery African Methodists Episcopal Church formerly known as Mother Bethel, created by Richard Allen, became the first truly independent Black church and renamed in 1816 War of 1812 by this war, White Americans had practically forgotten Black people's heroism and service during the revolution cotton important to the continuation of slavery in the South because demand increased and slaves were needed to harvest it Slave Narratives firsthand accounts of enslaved persons during the U.S. antebellum period slave children were often playmates for white children house servants slaves that generally received better food and clothing class division endured by enslaved field hands, house servants, thrashers and millers biracial children on a slave plantation generally treated better by the "slave master" but were still considered "slaves" Christianity & slaves discouraged by most slave owners for fear that it would instill a desire to rebel paddy rollers Local individuals who enforced punishment on those Blacks caught outside of their master's plantation without permission what the Democratic and Whig party had in common both led by slaveholders and neither really championed black rights racial segregation black people lived in segregated communities in northern cities inadequate public funding for black schools teaching suffered due to low pay, northerners though black students were poorer intellectually, white teachers refused to teach free black population in America from more women than men were free Philadelphia had the largest free black urban population between NYC and Philadelphia cities of the two largest AME churches black laws laws that made it more difficult for blacks to come into an area domestic servants and seamstresses jobs black women were able to find higher learning institutions admission for black people was often easier to come by than primary education Antislavery movements The southern movement focused mainly on freeing the enslaved individually rather than abolishing slavery outright Black opposition to colonization felt they were Americans and were entitled to the rights of Whites William Lloyd Garrison changed the nature of the antislavery movement by calling for the immediate abolition of slavery along with a commitment to racial justice Maria Stewart "first" female abolitionist leader who addressed male audiences in public Gabrielle conspiracy abortive slave revolt that influenced the revolutionary spirit among those who which to abolish slavery white southerners thought that free Blacks were an extremely dangerous element, and responsible for inciting slaves to rebellion Vesey's rebellion included more elements of religion than Gabriel's rebellion result of Vesey's Conspiracy state legislature passed laws forbidding slaves to read, banning their assembly, and jailing black sailors while their ships were docked riots during the 1830s-1840s grew in number as the abolitionist movement grew Buildings and neighborhoods where Black people resided frequent targets of anti-Black mobs black people in the AASS often refused leadership roles how Black abolitionists showed their loyalty and affection for William Lloyd Garrison paid for his speaking tour, provided financial support for his newspaper, served as his bodyguards Canada usual destination for the enslaved on the underground railroad How did Douglass differ from his colleagues who favored Black nationalism? believed Black people would eventually blend into American society underground railroad was known as the "line of posts" prior to its growth how Black churches were important to the abolitionist movement clergy attacked slavery and discrimination churches most important Black institutions in the antislavery movement Black nationalistic efforts had little effect since the antislavery movement eventually achieved its goal Know-Nothing Party organized by the main principle to protect "American" values from immigrants northern Whites opposed expansion of slavery felt it would hurt them economically, since the slaveholders would have an unfair advantage by not having to pay for labor Uncle Tom's Cabin forced many northerners to understand the horrors of slavery Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 punished (by fines or imprisonment) ordinary citizens who failed to help capture runaways Dred Scott case about whether or not an enslaved person taken into free territory was free Republicans' position on slavery during the 1860 election opposed to any expansion of slavery in the territories, but said they would not challenge it where it already existed. Margaret Garner tells use that some despised slavery so much that they were willing to kill their children rather than have them grow up as slaves How did African-American antislavery advocates respond to the new Fugitive Slave Law? with outrage, they demanded that supporters disobey the law or resort to violence. William and Ellen Craft escaped from slavery by passing as a sickly white man and "his" slave William popular sovereignty in Kansas became "Bleeding Kansas," where both pro- and antislavery forces engaged in acts of violence and terrorism. Black volunteers refused by the government to enlist in 1861 First Confiscation Act of 1861 allowed the North to seize only the enslaved who were used to benefit the Confederacy how Lincoln changed the war with the Emancipation Proclamation became a war to free all enslaved persons where the North gained the moral advantage How did southerners react to Black troops fighting for the Union? They generally refused to recognize them as prisoners of war, and instead attempted to treat them like "escaped slaves." Lincoln's initial aim of the Civil War to preserve the Union, without regard to ending slavery 54th Massachusetts composed mainly of free, rather than enslaved black people Black people serving in the Navy tradition of continuously serving in the Navy in substantial numbers Ile a Vache where Congress attempted to send African Americans during 1863-64 Harriet Tubman and Mary Elizabeth Bowser both Black women who led helpful spying efforts on the Confederacy for the Union