Basic ECG interpretation Exam Review Solution 100% Accurate

Basic ECG interpretation Exam Review Solution 100% Accurate - The nurse should understand the conduction system of the heart, the process associated with rhythm monitoring through ECG interpretation, patient preparation for the 12-lead ECG, ECG findings, interpretation, and patient management with specific heart rhythm conditions. - The ECG uses electrodes attached to the patient's skin to record physiologic heart changes. - Four properties of heart cells, automaticity, excitability, conductivity, and contractility, allow the conduction system to start an electrical impulse, send it through the heart tissue, and stimulate muscle contraction. - Automaticity Ability to initiate an impulse spontaneously and continuously Excitability Ability to be electrically stimulated Conductivity Ability to transmit an impulse along a membrane in an orderly manner Contractility Ability to respond mechanically to an impulse - A normal cardiac impulse begins in the sinoatrial (SA) node in the upper right atrium. It spreads over the atrial myocardium via interatrial and internodal pathways, causing atrial contraction, pumping blood into the left and right ventricles. The impulse then travels to the atrioventricular (AV) node, through the bundle of His, and down the left and right bundle branches. It ends in the Purkinje fibers, which transmit the impulse to the ventricles. - autonomic nervous system the part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary body functions, including the activity of the cardiac muscle, smooth muscles, and glands. It has two divisions: The sympathetic nervous system accelerates heart rate, constricts blood vessels, and raises BP; the parasympathetic nervous system slows heart rate, increases intestinal peristalsis and gland activity, and relaxes sphincters. - vagus nerve either of the longest pair of cranial nerves mainly responsible for parasympathetic control over the heart and many other internal organs, including thoracic and abdominal viscera. - parasympathetic nervous system pertaining to the craniosacral division of the autonomic nervous system, consisting of the oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus, and pelvic nerves. The actions of the parasympathetic division are mediated by the release of acetylcholine and primarily involve the protection, conservation, and restoration of body resources. Reactions to parasympathetic stimulation are highly localized and tend to counteract the adrenergic effects of sympathetic nerves. Parasympathetic fibers slow the heart; stimulate peristalsis; promote the secretion of lacrimal, salivary, and digestive glands; induce bile and insulin release; dilate peripheral and visceral blood vessels; constrict the pupils, esophagus, and bronchioles; and relax sphincters during micturition and defecation. Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers extend to the uterus, vagina, oviducts, and ovaries in females and to the prostate, seminal vesicles, and external genitalia in males, innervating blood vessels of pelvic organs in both sexes; stimulation of these nerves causes vasodilation in the clitoris and labia minora and erection of the penis. - sympathetic nervous system