PC 707 Module 1 Exam 2024

PC 707 Module 1 Exam 2024 Are there any standards for potency, efficacy, and purity for herbal medicines? - Answer ️️ -No standards peppermint oil - Answer ️️ -helpful in tx some common IBS symptoms (abd pain and gas) what is the main adverse effect of peppermint - Answer ️️ -Heartburn When do you avoid Acetaminophen (APAP)? - Answer ️️ -Hx of MI, GI bleed, elevated BP AUC - Answer ️️ -Area under the plasma concentration time curve it is the amount of drug in the blood after a dose is given a measure of avalibility butterburr - Answer ️️ -for headaches Vd (volume distribution) in pregnancy - Answer ️️ -development of fetal compartment. So, plasma and total body water increase (plasma 50%)therefore, serum drug levels decrease and you may need to increase the dose of hydrophilic meds albumin levels decrease and serum albumin binding decreases.... this means that there are more unbound drugs and there is an increased transport of free drugs into the fetal compartment metabolism in pregnancy - Answer ️️ -usually first pass is not altered, but there is an increase in metabolic enzymes so drug doses may need to be increased. at the same time, some metabolic enzymes are decreased so some drugs may need to be reduced and monitor for toxicity there is increased estrogen and progesterone: These may increase metabolization of some drugs and decrease others decreased albumin levels increase the amounts of unbound drugs and increase clearance of the drugs reasons for medication nonadherence (5) - Answer ️️ -not affordable do not understand directions of use side effects inconvenient regimen decide they dont need it What does the American College of Preventive Medicine say about medication compliance - Answer ️️ -50% do not take their meds less than 70% fill their prescriptions only 25-30% take the meds as ordered excretion/clearance in pregnancy - Answer ️️ -increased renal blood flow and GFR increase the clearance of medications that undergo renal clearance Maximum Acetaminophen dosage for adults/day? - Answer ️️ -4 g daily 650mg q4 1000 mg qid Criteria for a drug to be OTC? - Answer ️️ -safe, low misuse, self diagnose, self manage, labeled How many OTC products are there? - Answer ️️ -over 100,000 What OTC drug causes confusion in the elderly? - Answer ️️ -Antihistamine; specifically 1st gen What 6 different components are found in common OTC medicines? - Answer ️️ - Antihistamine, anti-tussives, H2 antagonists, NSAIDs, anti-motility, alcohol Why is it important to ask patients about OTC medications? - Answer ️️ -side effects, adverse reactions, and drug interactions Common uses of NSAIDs - Answer ️️ -Fever reducer, pain Major side effect of NSAIDs - Answer ️️ -Upper GI bleed (UGIB) Who should use NSAIDs with caution? - Answer ️️ -elderly and hx of GI bleed When taking NSAIDs with what other 4 drugs/products further increases the risk of GI bleed? - Answer ️️ -Corticosteroids, anticoagulants, aspirin, alcohol What 3 groups of patients should NSAIDs be AVOIDED? - Answer ️️ -Heart failure, severe kidney disease; asth