ABO ADVANCE STUDY GUIDE (QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS) 2024 UPDATED

ABO ADVANCE STUDY GUIDE (QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS) 2024 UPDATED When taking seg height measurements, which of the following situations could result in a parallax error? - CORRECT ANSWER-Patient sitting/ dispenser standing erect Which of the following is not significant in identifying the problem of vertical imbalance? - CORRECT ANSWER-Patient's age Which of the following elements is NOT critical when determining vertical imbalance? - CORRECT ANSWER-Lens power in the 180 degree meridian A prism will displace the object being viewed towards its ________. - CORRECT ANSWER-Apex A prism will bend light towards its _______. - CORRECT ANSWER-Base When dealing with problems of vertical imbalance which is the critical meridian of total lens? - CORRECT ANSWER-90 Which of the following prescriptions would pose the greatest prismatic imbalance at a reading depth of 10mm? - CORRECT ANSWER-OD +2.50 OS -0.25 +2.50 x 090 A plus lens moved downward from the primary position will result in: - CORRECT ANSWER-Base down prismatic effect What is a hereditary pigmentary degeneration of the retina called which results in gradual loss of peripheral vision? - CORRECT ANSWER-Retinitis pigmentosa What is ocular hypertension? - CORRECT ANSWER-Elevation of pressure in the eye above the range considered with an detectable changes in vision or damage to the structure of the eye. or Eye pressure can be elevated and cause damage in some eyes, but no damage in others. Which of the following statements is false regarding corneal ulcers? Corneal ulcers can be ________. - CORRECT ANSWER-of little concern Approximately what percentage of humans have some alterations in lens transparency after age 65? - CORRECT ANSWER-60% What type of cataract is a fully developed opacity of the lens with fluid generation and swelling of the lens volume? - CORRECT ANSWER-Hypermature Which of the following statements is false regarding cataracts? - CORRECT ANSWERCataracts will only form in the nucleus of the lens. ________ is the condition in which both eyes have equal refractive power. - CORRECT ANSWER-Insometropia Irregular astigmatism occurs when the principal meridians are not uniform along a major meridian and not uniform along a meridian. They are found at some place other than 90 degree apart. Irregular astigmatism is commonly caused by trauma surgery, or corneal dystrophy. TRUE or FALSE - CORRECT ANSWER-True In poor light, a person sees red light better than blue, which is why the ocular system tends to be more myopic, i.e. twilight myopia. TRUE or FALSE - CORRECT ANSWER-True _______ are _____ cells that detect motion within a field. - CORRECT ANSWER-RodsLong The crystalline lens is the same size at birth as in an adult, however, it adds cell layers throughout life, packing them in which makes the crystalline lens harder and is one of the causes of presbyopia. TRUE or FALSE - CORRECT ANSWER-False The triangular structure between the choroid and root of the iris, containing the ciliary epithelium, stroma, and ciliary muscle is the: - CORRECT ANSWER-Ciliary body There are 5 layers of the cornea. They are: - CORRECT ANSWER-From most anterior to posterior. Epithelium-Bowman's Layer- Stroma- Descemet membrane- Endothelium The refractive index of the cornea is: - CORRECT ANSWER-1.376 The most powerful refracting medium of the eyes optical system is the cornea. There are five layers of the cornea, each having a unique purpose and cell structure. One of the requirements of clear vision is that the cornea ________. - CORRECT ANSWERmust remain transparent and must have regular cell structures of all layers. Polarized filters are made by stretching thin sheets of __________ in one meridian. - CORRECT ANSWER-Polyvinyl alcohol Visible glare can be dangerous because it can not only wash out colors, but in some instances, can cause _________. - CORRECT ANSWER-Photokeratitis Features and benefits of Trivex include __________. - CORRECT ANSWER-Superior optics Impact Resistant Ultra-lightweight What is the index of refraction of Trivex? - CORRECT ANSWER-1.53 What is the index refraction of polycarbonate? - CORRECT ANSWER-1.59 What company introduced CR-39 lenses? - CORRECT ANSWER-PPG industries __________ are generally inorganic materials (metals or minerals) that are vacuum deposited to add color on glass lenses to give a uniform density of color on the lenses. - CORRECT ANSWER-Vacuum color coating Glare is of more concern to which wearer? - CORRECT ANSWER-Cataract patients _______ is better than ______ for improving contrast? - CORRECT ANSWER-GreenGray _______ added to any color increases contrast. - CORRECT ANSWER-Yellow Although this may be the most popular color for sun lenses, it is not recommended for patients with emerging cataracts. - CORRECT ANSWER-Gray Given a high plus or high minus RX, which lens material would offer the best choice for uniform density in sun lenses? - CORRECT ANSWER-CR-39 & Trivex A Characteristic of a dark tinted glass lens with an RX of +4.00 SPH would be _________. - CORRECT ANSWER-Darker in the center and lighter on the edge If a person has exposure to sunlight at least 2 hours or more during the day, __________. - CORRECT ANSWER-their ability to adapt to night vision is compromised if they don't protect their eyes from the sun exposure. Standard transmission is sun lenses should range between _________. - CORRECT ANSWER-15% to 30% The denser the tint in a lens, __________ - CORRECT ANSWER-the less transmission of light through the lens. The absorption of light in lenses is classified by two variables. What are they? - CORRECT ANSWER-Tint & lens transmission Aphakia - CORRECT ANSWER-An absence of the crystalline lens of the eye (pseudophakia: having a false lens) Apex - CORRECT ANSWER-Thinnest edge of a prism. Anterior - CORRECT ANSWER-front cavity or compartment of the eye, located between the cornea and CHAMBER: crystalline lens contains the aqueous humor. Anisometropia - CORRECT ANSWER-Condition in which the refractive error of one eye significantly differs from that of the other. OD -1.00 OS -2.25 or OD +1.00 OS +2.25 Aniseikonia - CORRECT ANSWER-A condition in which the ocular image of an object as seen by one eye differs so much in size or shape from that seen by the other eye that the two images cannot be fused into a single impression. Unequal size of retinal images. Ametropia - CORRECT ANSWER-A refractive error in which the eye, when in a state of rest, does not focus the image of an object upon the retina; includes "hyperopia, myopia, & astigmatism. any error of refraction in which images do not focus properly on the retina Ambylopia - CORRECT ANSWER-Loss of vision without any apparent disease of the eye. Lazy eye causing other eye to lose some portions of visions. Addition - CORRECT ANSWER-Difference in plus power between the reading & distance portions of a multifocal lens. Acuity - CORRECT ANSWER-Visual expression of sharpness of vision (20/20 distance j.l near) Achromatic - CORRECT ANSWER-Descriptive of a lens capable of refracting light without creating a rainbow effect. without color Currently, the two materials capable of passing the ANSI Z-87 High Impact Test are polycarbonate and _____. - CORRECT ANSWER-Trivex