NR 509 Neuro Latest 2024 Graded A

NR 509 Neuro Latest 2024 Graded A Central Nervous System The brain and spinal cord Peripheral Nervous System all the nerve fibers outside the brain and spinal cord: the 12 pairs of cranial nerves, the 31 pairs of spinal nerves , and all their branches Peripheral: afferent messages sensory messages to the CNS from sensory receptors Peripheral: efferent messages motor messages from the CNS out to muscles and glands Peripheral: autonomic messages govern the internal. organs and blood vessels Cerebral cortex the outer layer of nerve cell bodies; it looks like "gray matter" because it lacks myelin. Center for a human's highest functions. governing thought, memory,reasoning, sensation, and voluntary movement hemisphere half of the cerebrum; the left hemisphere is dominant in 95% of people, including those who are left handed Lobes four parts of each hemisphere Frontal lobe associated with personality, behavior, emotions, and intellectual function The precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe initiates voluntary movement Parietal lobe Postcentral gyrus is the primary center for sensation Occipital lobe primary visual receptor center Temporal lobe behind the ear, has the primary auditory reception center, with functions of hearing, taste, and smell Wernicke's area in the temporal lobe is associated with language comprehension. When damaged in the person's dominant hemisphere, receptive aphasia results How do you test for Romberg sign? Have the patient to stand with their feet together (touching each other). Then ask the patient to close their eyes. Remain close at hand in case the patient begins to sway or fall. Understand vertigo The most common causes of vertigo are inner ear infections or diseases of the ear such as benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), vestibular neuritis, and Meniere's disease. BPPV can occur when calcium builds up in canals of the inner ear, causing brief dizziness that lasts from 20 seconds to one minute. Vertigo is commonly caused by a problem with the way balance works in the inner ear, although it can also be caused by problems in certain parts of the brain. Causes of vertigo may include: benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - where certain head movements trigger vertigo. Expected postural changes during pregnancy Progressive lordosis and, toward the third trimester, anterior cervical flexion, kyphosis, and slumped shoulders Phalen rest Ask person to hold both hands back to back while flexing in the wrist 90°. Acute flexion of the wrist for 60 seconds produces no symptoms in the normal hand. Mini-Cog 3 item screening test for dementia Listen carefully, remember and then repeat three words that you say. Draw the face of a clock Now remember the three words and repeat them Tear of rotator cuff Characteristic "hunched" position and limited abduction of arm. Occurs from Traumatic adduction while arm is held in abduction or from fall and shoulder, throwing, or heavy lifting. Positive drop arm test: if the arm is possibly abducted at the shoulder, the person is unable to sustain the position and shrugs or hitches the shoulder forward to compensate with remaining in tact muscles osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a decrease in scale to bone mass leading to low bone mineral density and impaired bone quality. We can bone state increases her risk for fracture's, especially at rest, hip, and vertebrae. Occurs primarily and post menopausal osteoporosis is a decrease in skeletal bone mass leading to low bone mineral density and impaired bone quality. We can bone state increases her risk for fractures, especially at wrist, hip, and vertebrae. Occurs primarily in post menopausal White women. Osteoporosis risk also is associated with smaller height and weight, younger age of menopause, lack of physical activity, and lack of estrogen in women. Summation effect The cumulative effect of a number of stimuli applied to a muscle, nerve, or reflex arc When you test pain sensory and do it too quickly so multiple pricks feel like one. Migraine aura symptoms Visual changes such as blind spots or flashes of light, tingling in an arm or leg, vertigo tennis elbow "lateral epicondylitis" Chronic disabling pain at lateral at the condyle humerus ; radiates down extensive surface of forearm. Pain can be located with one finger. Resisting extension of the hand increases the pain. Occurs with activities combining excessive pronation and supination of four arm with an extended wrist Hip abduction syndrome involves muscle imbalances that result in overuse strain of the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus muscles, myofascial trigger points, and trochanteric bursitis. Osteoporosis prevention exercise Adults aged 19 to 64 should do at least 150 minutes (2 hours and 30 minutes) of moderate-intensity aerobic activity, such as cycling or fast walking, every week. Weight-bearing exercise and resistance exercise are particularly important for improving bone density and helping to prevent osteoporosis. Z