NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Latest Update Graded A

NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Latest Update Graded A Hypersensitivity: Type 1 Type 1: Allergic reaction, Mediated by IgE, Inflammation due to mast cell degranulation Local symptoms: -itching -rash Systemic symptoms: -wheezing Most dangerous = anaphylactic reaction systemic response of hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction Main treatment: epinephrine reverses the effects Hypersensitivity: Type 2 Type 2: Cytotoxic reaction; tissue specific (ex: thyroid tissue) Macrophages are the primary effectors cells involved Can cause tissue damage or alter function Grave's disease (hyperthyroidism) - example of altering thyroid function, but does not destroy thyroid tissue Incompatible blood type- example of cell/tissue damage that occurs; severe transfusion reaction occurs and the transfused erythrocytes are destroyed by agglutination or complement-mediated lysis. Type 1 Hypersensitivity VS. Type 2 Hypersensitivity Type 1 Hypersensitivity Organ Specific Antibody binds to the antigen on the cell surface Type 2 Hypersensitivity Not Organ Specific Antibody binds to the soluble antigen outside the cell surface that was released into the blood or body fluids, and the complex is then deposited in the tissues Hypersensitivity: Type 3 - Examples Rheumatoid arthritis: Antigen/antibodies are deposited in the joints Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)- very closely related to autoimmunity- antigen/antibodies deposit in organs that cause tissue damage Hypersensitivity: Type 4 Delayed response Does not involve antigen/antibody complexes like Types 1, 2 and 3 Is T-cell mediated Differentiating Between the Rash of a Type 1 vs. Type 4 Reaction: Type 1: Immediate hypersensitivity reactions, termed atopic dermatitis, are usually characterized by widely distributed lesions Type 4: Contact dermatitis (delayed hypersensit