BMS 300 Exam (With complete solution)

parasympathetic; vagus nerve; cardiac ganglion; acetylcholine; postganglionic; acetylcholine; GPCR; conductile; SA correct answers In the _____ branch of the autonomic nervous system, neurons in the brain stem extend processes into the periphery in _____ and form synapses in the _____ where they release the neurotransmitter _____ which binds to the input region of the _____ neuron. This neuron releases ______ that binds to _____ receptors on _____ cardiomyocytes in the _____ node, which normally controls the heart rate and rhythm. alpha; GTP binding; inhibit; adenylyl cyclase; decrease; cAMP; HCN; increase; threshold correct answers The receptors on the cardiomyocytes described in question 33 bind the _____ subunit of the _____ protein leading to its activation. The effect of this active subunit is to _____ the activity of the enzyme _____. The resulting _____ of cytoplasmic levels of _____ affects the opening of the _____ channel to _____ the time until _____ is reached for the voltage-gated calcium channels. contractile; norepinephrine; seven; protein kinase A; phosphate; DHP; ryanodine; calcium; muscle contraction correct answers In _____ cells of the ventricular myocardium, the neurotransmitter _____ binds to receptors that span the membrane _____ times and leads to an increase in the enzyme _____ which covalently attaches _____ groups to threonine and serine amino acids in the protein. Among the proteins modified in this way are _____and _____receptors that increase _____ levels in the cytoplasm to increase the strength of _____. when the virus is blood borne and causing external hemorrhage correct answers Macrophages are the first cell type to acquire the virus that causes Ebola Virus Disease (EVD). The infected macrophages initially release proteins that cause fever, and after several days disseminate the virus to other cell types, especially endothelial cells and epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract, which often leads to hemorrhage and diarrhea. An effect of the virus on macrophages is to disrupt the production and release of interferon. The virus also disrupts integrin function in endothelial cells, and suppresses MHC I production and display on all infected cells. The disease is caused by a type of filovirus that contains seven genes. One of these genes, which is known as GP, encodes for a glycoprotein that protrudes from the virus. This protein initially binds to receptors on the plasma membranes macrophages and enters the cell via endocytosis. It is then targeted to the lysosomal