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Samenvatting Anatomie en fysiologie van het lymfestelsel en immuniteit

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Anatomie en fysiologie van het lymfestelsel en immuniteit

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January 13, 2024
Number of pages
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Written in
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ANATOMIE & FYSIOLOGIE VH
LYMFESYSTEEM
DEEL 1 – AFWEER & IMMUNITEIT
INLEIDING

ANTIGENEN
Antigeen = eiwit dat door afweersysteem herkend wordt als lichaamsvreemd
 virale eiwitten
 bacteriële eiwitten
 eukaryote eiwitten (schimmels, parasieten, …)

Daardoor os afweersysteem in staat om reactie op te wekken
 antistoffen = antilichamen = antibodies (ab) worden aangemaakt


AFWEER
= geheel vn verdedigingsmechanismen ter preventie vh binnendringen vn MO & ter uitroeiing ervan

Onderscheid tss: - aangeboren afweermechanismen = nt-antigenspecifieke
- verworven/adaptieve afweermechanismen = antigenspecifieke

Telkens cellulair & humoraal component
 cellulair = celsoorten ter verdediging
 humoraal = eiwitten ih bloed &/of secreten ter verdediging




AANGEBOREN AFWEERMECHANISMEN

, = geheel vn breed inzetbare (aspecifieke) verdedigingsmechanismen

Aspecifiek = maakt gn onderscheid tss ene & andere bedreiging
Mechanisme al van geboorte aanwezig

Doel = verhinderen dat MO/schadelijke stoffen bennenkomen &/of verspreiden ih lichaam

1e lijnverdediging = barrières ad buitengrenzen vh lichaam  ter preventie
 fysieke barrière
 epitheliale barrières = huid & slijmvliezen
 evacuatie foor beweging = peristaltiek, mictie, rollend slijmtapijt
 concurrentie m commensale flora = goede MO in & op lichaam

2e lijnverdediging = meteen/snel inzetbare verdedigingscellen & eiwitten in weefsels & bloed
 antivirale eiwitten = interferonen = chemische boodschappers die verdediging tegen virale
infecties coördineren

 antibacteriële eiwitten = complement = circulerende eiwitten die antilichamen assisteren bij
vernietigen vn pathogenen

 koorts = verhoging lichaamsT die weefselmetabolisme & activiteit vd afweer
versnelt

 macrofagen & granulocyten = fagocyteren pathogenen & celdebris
 vaste macrofaag
 neutrofiel
 vrije macrofaag
 eosinofiel
 monocyt

 naturlijke killercellen = vernietiging vn abnormale cellen in perifere weefsels

 mestcellen = lokken ontstekingsreactie uit
 bloedtoevoer neemt toe
 fagocyten geactiveerd
 doorlaatbaarheid capillairen verhoogd
 complementsysteem geactiveerd
 stollingsreactie schermt gebied af
 plaatselijke Tverhoging
 adaptieve afweer geactiveerd




ONTSTEKINGSREACTIE
= inflammatie
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