Clemson GEOG 101 Exam 2 Study Guide Rated A+

Clemson GEOG 101 Exam 2 Study Guide Rated A+ Demography the branch of sociology that studies the characteristics of human populations Birth Rates Number of births in a year for every 1000 people Infant Mortality Rates the number of infant deaths under age 1 per 1000 live births Doubling Times The time required for a population to double in size Life Expectancy an expected time to live as calculated on the basis of statistical probabilities Natural increase Crude death rate subtracted from crude birthrate Migration the movement of persons from one country or locality to another Guest worker a person with temporary permission to work in another country Pronatalist policies In a time of negative population growth, a policy in which females are given incentives to have children China's One Child Policy (in detail) China's one child policy was established by Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping in 1979 to limit communist China's population growth. Although designated a "temporary measure," it continues a quarter-century after its establishment. The policy limits couples to one child. Fines, pressures to abort a pregnancy, and even forced sterilization accompanied second or subsequent pregnancies. Dowry Deaths the bride is brutally beat or killed for her fathers failure to fulfill the marriage agreement Ravenstein's Laws of Migration 1. Most migration is over a short distance. 2. Migration occurs in steps. 3. Long-range migrants usually move to urban areas. 4. Each migration produces a movement in the opposite direction (although not necessarily of the same volume). 5. Rural dwellers are more migratory than urban dwellers. 6. Within their own country females are more migratory than males, but males are more migratory over long distances. 7. Most migrants are adults. 8. Large towns grow more by migration than by natural increase. 9. Migration increases with economic development. 10. Migration is mostly due to economic causes. Chain migration migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there Population of U.S. 300 million Population clusters around the world East Asia Cluster / South Asia Cluster / Europe Cluster population densities (different types**??) measurements of number of people per a unit of land area Population of China 1.3 billion Population of Globe 6.5 billion people in the world Thomas Malthus an English economist who argued that increases in population would outgrow increases in the means of subsistence () Population Pyramids visual representation of the age and sex composition of a population graph Demographic transition change in a population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates Why people move 1. Economic 2. Weather 3. Natural Hazards 4. Religion universalizing religions A religion that attempts to appeal to all people, not just those living in a particular location. Ethnic religions sometimes called "cultural religions"; do not seek converts outside group; tend to be spatially concentrated; main exception is Judaism. animistic religions Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life. Japanese Gentlemen Agreement an informal agreement between the United States and the Empire of Japan whereby the U.S. would not impose restriction on Japanese immigration or students, and Japan would not allow further emigration to the U.S. The goal was to reduce tensions between the two powerful Pacific nations. The agreement was never ratified by Congress, which in 1924 ended it. religious mosaic The US has a variety of religions and cultures within it and the mesh when looking at a map Holiest site in Hinduism Ganges River hajj the fifth pillar of Islam is a pilgrimage to Mecca during the month of Dhu al-Qadah Five Pillars of Faith five steps to take to become less evil, part of the Islam religion; affirmation, prayer, almsgiving, fasting, and pilgrimage Four Noble Truths 1) All life is full of suffering, pain, and sorrow. 2) The cause of suffering is nonvirtue, or negative deeds and mindsets such as hated and desire. 3) The only cure for suffering is to overcome nonvirture. 4) The way to overcome nonvirtue is to follow the Eightfold Path Caste system a social structure in which classes are determined by heredity Guatama founded Buddhism, he was known as Buddha- "the enlightened one", wanted to devote his efforts to find deliverance from suffering, developed 4 noble truths Muhammad the Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632) largest religion in world Islam Fastest growing religion in world Christianity push factors in migration Drive people away from wherever they are. eg. starvation and political and religious persecution Pidgin an artificial language used for trade between speakers of different languages Chinese Exclusion Acts because the Chinese workers were willing to work for low wages the Americans began to fear loss of jobs to the chinese immigrants....congress passed this act in 1882 that slammed the door on the immigration by banning entry to all chinese except students, teachers,merchants, tourists, and government officals.... not reapealed till 1943 Lingua franca a common language used by speakers of different languages toponym the name by which a geographical place is known Creole a mother tongue that originates from contact between two languages Gullah Unique language created by blacks that combined English with other African dialects. Indo-European language family a family of several hundred related languages and dialects descending from common ancestor Han Chinese ethnic group native to China and, by most modern definitions, the largest single ethnic group in the world. Dialect Regions of U.S. South, North, Appalachia, Black English, Southwest, West Accent Way of speaking that is characteristic of a geographic region dialect the usage or vocabulary that is characteristic of a specific group of people Standard language a language substantially uniform with respect to spelling, grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary and representing the approved community norm of the tongue Sunni one of the two main branches of orthodox Islam Sharia Laws These are the Islamic laws. They are divided into two main areas pertaining to worship and human interactions/relationships. According to these laws one can be married as young as 9yrs old. landscapes of the dead The certain areas where people have commonly been buried Culture the attitudes and behavior that are characteristic of a particular social group or organization Culture hearth a center where cultures developed and from which ideas and traditions spread outward syncretism mixed source belief (religions that are a blend of two or more) Acculturation the adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture spatial interaction the movement of people, goods and ideas within and across geographic space Distance decay The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin. mental maps The world outside is the way things really are,but the pictures in our heads may be based on preconceptions, misconceptions, or incomplete understanding. Broken borders debate debate about immigration Death Rates Total number of deaths in a year per 1000 people Shia one of the two main branches of orthodox Islam assimilation the process of assimilating new ideas into an existing cognitive structure RNI Rate of National Increase Pull factors in migration Attract people to new destinations eg. economic opportunity and the promise of religious and political liberty.