Edexcel A-level Geography - Paper 3 - Advanced information Exam Questions And Answers

Edexcel A-level Geography - Paper 3 - Advanced information Exam Questions And Answers What are superpowers? Superpowers are countries that influence policy on an international scale. They have economic, military, cultural and geographical influence on a large scale. How have IGOs grown in scale? Current IGOs developed as a result of the Bretton Woods conference in 1944 Bretton Woods was based on the idea on the idea that the best way to avoid future wars Bretton Woods needed to find a way to raise funds Set up IMF and World Bank Brainpower Read More Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:00 / 0:00 Full screen What is the role of the World Bank? Provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries What is the role of the IMF? Works to ensure the stability of the international monetary system, facilitates international trade and high employment What is the role of the World Trade Organisation (WTO)? Regulates world trade, helps solve trade disputes and promotes free trade What is the World Economic Forum (WEF)? Brings leaders together to try to solve international problems How do IGOs and superpowers influence trade? Encourage free trade and capitalism Competition reduces prices Encourages investment What are transnational corporations (TNCs) Companies located in more than 1 country How do TNCs impact the global economy? TNCs locate in low wage countries and sell in high-profit markets TNCs are involved in 80% of all global trade 30% of of this is between TNCs TNCs contribute 50% of all R&D investment How have TNCs used patents within the economy? Patents allow their inventors to make profits for a period of time without competition China is responsible for 40% of all patents Patents protect R&D investment Pharmaceuticals use R&D to justify large spending on R&D The USA thinks China steals ideas resulting in the 2018 trade war What is the geography of TNCs? The top 500 are in the Fortune magazine In 2001, 215 were from the USA In 2017 only 143 remained The top 5 were Walmart, State Grid, Sinopec, CNPC and Toyota 85% of the top 500 list were found in 10 countries China has 500 state-owned TNCs How has TNCs aided in cultural diffusion? TNCs share global ideas TNCs can control media through films, movies and adverts they produce The USA uses soft power to influence culture Idea of glocalisation How do TNCs infuence power and wealth? They are able to lobby to protect political power Governments negotiate deals which make them dependent on superpowers Apple's revenue is the same as Finland or Chile's GDP