Anthropology 101 Exam 2 with 100% correct answers

Anthropology 101 Exam 2ethnicity - correct answer identification with, and feeling part of, an ethnic group and exclusion from certain other groups because of this affiliation convergent evolution - correct answer independent operation of similar selective forces; the process by which analogies are produced homologies - correct answer traits that organisms have jointly inherited from a common ancestor analogies - correct answer similarities arising as a result of similar selective forces; traits produced by convergent evolution sexual dimorphism - correct answer marked differences in male and female biology besides the contrasts in breast and genitals brachiation - correct answer a method of locomotion where arboreal (tree-climbing) primates swing from branches using only their arms trends in primate evolution (foramen magnum, teeth, grip) - correct answer -foramen magnum starts drifting towards the middle of the head -the robust people had bigger teeth -modern humans have smaller teeth and developed a chin -all have slowly developed better precision grip, but neanderthals and modern humans have the best precision grip arboreal - correct answer tree-dwelling; primates including gibbons, New World Monkeys, and many Old World Monkeys terrestrial - correct answer ground-dwelling; baboons, macaques, and humans are these kind of primates; gorillas spend most of their time on the ground too old world monkeys - correct answer found in Asia and Africa, have cheek pouches, a raised and narrow nose with downward nostrils, a non-prehensile tail and ischial callosities, cannot see in color new world monkeys - correct answer found in Central America and South America; flat nosed, prehensile tails, can see in color prehensile tail - correct answer tail that can grasp or hold objects; can use to hang from tree hominid - correct answer member of the taxonomic family that includes humans and the African apes and their immediate family hominid - correct answer member of the human lineage after its split from the ancestral chimps; all the human species that have ever existed, excluding chimps and gorillas bipedalism - correct answer upright two-legged locomotion, the key feature distinguishing early hominins from the apes foramen magnum - correct answer the hole in the base of the skull where the spinal column passes cranial capacity - correct answer how big the skull is; used to determine how big the brain is zygomatic arches - correct answer cheekbone where the chewing muscles fit in bony ridge on the top of the skull to where the jaw muscles are attached - correct answer saggital crest -big teeth: eats grass and leaves -small teeth: better for eating meat; less chewing because we have developed the habits of boiling and cutting our food - correct answer connection between dentition and diet