Test Bank For Essentials of the Living World 6Th Edition By Johnson Complete All Chapters 2024

Test Bank For Essentials of the Living World 6Th Edition By Johnson Complete All Chapters 2024. The simplest organisms do not have nuclei. In the list below, which group has the simplest organisms? A) Bacteria B) Fungi C) Plantae D) Animalia E) Protista Answer: A Explanation: The Bacteria and the Archaea lack even the nuclear membrane which defines a true nucleus. Please see section 1.1. Section: 01.01 Topic: Levels of Biological Organization Bloom's: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 01.01.01 List the six kingdoms of life. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2) The process of using and transforming energy in living cells is called A) response to stimulation. B) complexity. C) metabolism. D) homeostasis. E) evolution. Answer: C Explanation: Metabolism produces all of the chemicals needed for life. Please see sections 1.2 and 1.4, focusing on metabolism. Section: 01.02; 01.04 Topic: Characteristics of Life Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.02.01 Name and describe the five basic properties shared by all living things.; 01.04.01 Explain the five general themes that define biology as a science. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 3) There are five properties of living things. Which of the following properties provides and increase in the number of organisms within a population? A) growth and reproduction B) metabolism C) cellular organization D) homeostasis E) heredity Answer: A Explanation: Growth and reproduction provides an increase in an organisms size and an increase in the population. Please see section 1.2. Section: 01.02 Topic: Characteristics of Life Bloom's: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 01.02.01 Name and describe the five basic properties shared by all living things. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 4) All living things are able to maintain stable internal conditions, whether they are unicellular, or complex, multicellular organisms. This property is called A) metabolism. B) homeostasis. C) heredity. D) cellular organization. E) growth and reproduction. Answer: B Explanation: Homeostasis shows an organism working against the increase in entropy, or disorder, within itself. Please see sections 1.2 and 1.4. Section: 01.02; 01.04 Topic: Characteristics of Life Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.02.01 Name and describe the five basic properties shared by all living things.; 01.04.01 Explain the five general themes that define biology as a science. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 5) In a multicellular organism, different tissues that function together are grouped into A) organisms. B) cells. C) organs. D) tissue systems. E) atoms. Answer: C Explanation: Organs are an intermediate level in the hierarchical organization of living things. Please see section 1.3. Section: 01.03 Topic: Levels of Biological Organization Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 List the 13 hierarchical levels of the organization of life. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 6) All the populations of a particular kind of organism, that are able to interact with each other, are members of the same A) community. B) species. C) habitat. D) ecosystem. E) kingdom. Answer: B Explanation: Species consists of the same organism that are able to interact with each other. Please see section 1.3. Section: 01.03 Topic: Levels of Biological Organization Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 List the 13 hierarchical levels of the organization of life. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 7) The different populations of all the species in a given area make up a(n) A) community. B) association. C) ecosystem. D) population. E) habitat. Answer: A Explanation: Communities include the living things which interact in a given area. Please see section 1.3. Section: 01.03 Topic: Levels of Biological Organization Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 List the 13 hierarchical levels of the organization of life. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 8) Charles Darwin used ________ to visualize the mechanisms of natural selection. A) artificial selection B) biology C) natural history D) evolution E) scientific reasoning Answer: A Explanation: Artificial selection, which occurs when humans select organisms for particular traits, drives evolution like natural selection does. Please see section 1.4. Section: 01.04 Topic: History of Evolutionary Theory Bloom's: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 01.04.01 Explain the five general themes that define biology as a science. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 9) There are five general themes that serve to both unify and explain the science of biology. Which of the following falls outside of the underlying themes? A) cooperation B) flow of energy C) evolution D) creation E) homeostasis Answer: D Explanation: Creation is an idea related to religion, which cannot be properly tested using the scientific method. Please see section 1.4. Section: 01.04 Topic: Characteristics of Life Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.04.01 Explain the five general themes that define biology as a science. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 10) The proper order for steps in the scientific process is A) predictions → testing → observation → hypothesis. B) testing → observation → predictions → hypothesis. C) hypothesis → observation → testing → predictions. D) observation → hypothesis → predictions → testing. E) predictions → observation → hypothesis → testing. Answer: D Explanation: Review section 1.5. Testing can only come when observations have led to a hypothesis and predictions based on the hypothesis. Section: 01.05 Topic: Scientific Method Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.05.01 Explain how the six stages of a scientific investigation allow biologists to discover general principles by careful examination of specific cases. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 11) All organisms possess a genetic system that is based on A) RNA. B) protein. C) DNA. D) cells. E) sugars. Answer: C Explanation: All living organisms have genes that are inherited. This genetic information is the form of genes on DNA. Please see sections 1.2 and 1.7. Section: 01.02; 01.07 Topic: Characteristics of Life Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.02.01 Name and describe the five basic properties shared by all living things.; 01.07.03 State how the theory of heredity is related to the chromosomal theory of inheritance. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 12) The proper order for the hierarchy of increasing complexity is A) organelles - cells - molecules - tissues - organs. B) cells - molecules - organs - tissues - organelles. C) molecules - organs - cells - tissues - organelles. D) molecules - organelles - cells - tissues - organs. E) organs - organelles - cells - molecules - tissues. Answer: D Explanation: The items in the hierarchical organization of life get larger as you proceed from atoms to ecosystems. Please see section 1.3. Section: 01.03 Topic: Levels of Biological Organization Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.03.01 List the 13 hierarchical levels of the organization of life. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 13) The test of a hypothesis is called a(n) A) control. B) experiment. C) variable. D) prediction. E) conclusion. Answer: B Explanation: Experiments have treatments designed to see the effects of the variable which the hypothesis is trying to explain. Please see section 1.5. Section: 01.05 Topic: Scientific Method Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.05.01 Explain how the six stages of a scientific investigation allow biologists to discover general principles by careful examination of specific cases. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 14) Who is credited with discovering cells? A) Charles Darwin B) Anton van Leeuwenhoek C) Robert Hooke D) Francis Crick E) Joseph Farman Answer: C Explanation: Hooke looked at a piece of cork and saw what looked like tiny rooms. Please see section 1.7. Section: 01.07 Topic: Characteristics of Life; Cell Theory Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.07.01 State the cell theory. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 15) DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) A) contains the information specifying what a cell is like. B) is a source of energy that can be harvested by a cell. C) is only present in higher cells. D) is not passed from cell to cell. E) is the main structural protein of a cell. Answer: A Explanation: Genes are encoded in DNA. Please see section 1.7. Section: 01.07 Topic: Gene Expression Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.07.02 Define the term gene. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 16) The kingdom that includes mushrooms and yeast is the ________. Answer: Fungi Explanation: Mushrooms are spore-producing bodies of some fungi. Please see section 1.1. Section: 01.01 Topic: Kingdoms and Domains of Life Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.01.01 List the six kingdoms of life. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 17) All living things use energy, a property known as ________. Answer: metabolism Explanation: Metabolism interconverts chemical compounds with energy stored in their bonds. Please see section 1.2. Section: 01.02 Topic: Characteristics of Life Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.02.01 Name and describe the five basic properties shared by all living things. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 18) As life-forms become more advanced, new properties occur. These properties are referred to as ________. Answer: emergent Explanation: Emergent properties arise from complexity and interaction. Please see section 1.3. Section: 01.03 Topic: Levels of Biological Organization Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.03.02 Explain the origin of emergent properties. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 19) The information that determines what a cell is like, and how it interacts with other cells, is stored in the ________ molecule. Answer: DNA Explanation: DNA is the hereditary molecule of all living things. Please see sections 1.2 and 1.7. Section: 01.02; 01.07 Topic: Characteristics of Life; Gene Expression Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.02.01 Name and describe the five basic properties shared by all living things.; 01.07.02 Define the term gene. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 20) The final step in the scientific process is the development of a ________. Answer: conclusion Explanation: The scientific process requires a decision to accept or reject a tested hypothesis. Please see section 1.5. Section: 01.05 Topic: Scientific Method; Experimental Design Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.05.01 Explain how the six stages of a scientific investigation allow biologists to discover general principles by careful examination of specific cases. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 21) A collection of related hypotheses that have been shown to be true after extensive testing can be collectively called a ________. Answer: theory Explanation: Please see sections 1.5 and 1.6. Few hypotheses last so long to become theory. Section: 01.06; 01.05 Topic: Scientific Method Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.06.01 Distinguish between hypothesis and theory.; 01.05.01 Explain how the six stages of a scientific investigation allow biologists to discover general principles by careful examination of specific cases. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 22) A discrete unit of genetic information is called a ________. Answer: gene Explanation: Genes are units of DNA sequence coding for some function. Please see section 1.7. Section: 01.07 Topic: Characteristics of Life; Gene Expression Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 01.07.02 Define the term gene. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 23) It is often publicized that excess dietary fats are linked to higher incidences of heart disease and cancer in humans. Choose the hypothesis that a scientist could test to examine this observation. A) Eating more meat causes cancer. B) Eating a diet of lard makes you fat. C) Dietary fat, heart disease, and cancer are all somehow interrelated. D) Calories from fat are correlated with an increase in heart disease. E) The intake of 30% more than the recommended dietary fat, is correlated with an increase in heart disease and cancer. Answer: E Explanation: A hypothesis has to have testable material in it. Please see section 1.5. Section: 01.05 Topic: Scientific Method Bloom's: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 01.05.01 Explain how the six stages of a scientific investigation allow biologists to discover general principles by careful examination of specific cases. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 24) A biologist wants to test the effectiveness of a new food additive on growth in mice. An effective control group would be one that A) ate a higher concentration of food additive. B) was kept in different conditions across the city with altering food additives. C) was fed the same ration without the food additive. D) ate a lower concentration of the food additive. E) was kept under the same conditions and fed the same ration but without the food additive. Answer: E Explanation: A control omits the treatment which the experimenter wants to better understand, leaving a baseline for comparison. Please see section 1.5. Section: 01.05 Topic: Scientific Method Bloom's: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 01.05.01 Explain how the six stages of a scientific investigation allow biologists to discover general principles by careful examination of specific cases. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 25) A scientist wants to study the effect of vitamin C on colds. He recruits 100 people with colds and gives the experimental group a pill containing 1,000 mg of vitamin C per day. The appropriate control group of this study would be given A) nothing. B) 2,000 mg of vitamin C per day. C) orange juice every day. D) a pill similar to the one containing vitamin C but lacking vitamin C. E) 1,000 mg of another brand of vitamin C per day. Answer: D Explanation: A vitamin-C-free pill would simply eliminate any effect of vitamin C on health without confounding the experiment by using a non-pill treatment. Please see section 1.5. Section: 01.05 Topic: Scientific Method Bloom's: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 01.05.01 Explain how the six stages of a scientific investigation allow biologists to discover general principles by careful examination of specific cases. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 26) Imagine that you have discovered a new organism that has all five properties of life. What hereditary material would it have? Answer: DNA Explanation: All living things use DNA for genetic information. Please see section 1.2. Section: 01.02 Topic: Characteristics of Life Bloom's: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 01.02.01 Name and describe the five basic properties shared by all living things. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 27) At the cellular level, explain the hierarchical relationship between macromolecules, atoms, and molecules. Answer: Atoms are the basic element of all matter. Atoms link together to form molecules. Smaller molecules link together to form macromolecules. Please see section 1.3. Section: 01.03 Topic: Levels of Biological Organization