Professional Nursing Exam 1 Questions & Answers Graded A+

profession - Answer service; altruism; sense of mission; responsibility to public; autonomy; code of ethics ; specialized knowledge occupation - Answer what occupies or engages ones time, business or employment. profession - Answer calling, vocation, or form of employment that provides a needed source to society and possess characteristics of expertise, autonomy; long academic preparation; licensure, public affirmation, and legal and legislative parameters nursing's social contract - Answer all humans manifest an essential unity of body mind and spirit nursing code of ethics - Answer nurse participates in the advancement of the profession through contributions to practice, education, and administration and knowledge and development; is to provide care to all who are in need, regardless of their cultural, social, or economic standing. Role of ANA in advancing the professions objectives - Answer fostering high standards of nursing practice promoting the rights of in the workplace projecting a positive and realistic view of nursing; lobbying in congress and regulatory agencies on health care issue affecting nurses and the public direct feedback - Answer inform the learner of what requires correction facilitative feedback - Answer involves the provision of comments and suggestions specific feedback - Answer supports performance in that task but not the transfer of knowledge to other tasks less specific feedback - Answer may lead to uncertainty, which leads to reduction in learning verification feedback - Answer simply indicates whether the answer is right or wrong elaborative feedback - Answer may facilitate the recipient to reach the correct answer How to give professional feedback - Answer assess situation, fair and respectful approach, be accurate and descriptive, honest , avoid blaming, deal effectively with emptions how to receive feedback - Answer be assertive, acknowledge difference, converge on future, control the process, be honest specific, focus on behavior and situation number of nurses in US - Answer 2,724,570 percentage of male nurses - Answer 9.1% percentage of nurses 30 years or older - Answer 14.8% average age of nurse - Answer 44.6 white nurses - Answer 75.4% black nurses - Answer 9.9% 1896 - Answer ANA was founded LEAN - Answer developed at toyota, production is controlled by standardization and placing right person and materials at each step of the process, uses PLAN-DO-STUDY-ACT improvement cycle, performance measures vary quality improvement - Answer the degree to which health care services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes consistent with current professional knowledge SIX SIGMA - Answer developed at motorola in 80's, used to measure variation from the mean, focuses on eliminating errors and reducing variations in the process. GOAL IS TO HAVE 3.4 DEFECTS PER 1 MILLION UNITS; achieve levels of mastery by colored belts team - Answer small number of people with complementary skills that are committed to a common purpose team responsibility - Answer to set goals, roles, and processes and have interpersonal relationships high quality relationships - Answer relationships with shared goals, knowledge and mutual respect high quality communication - Answer communication that is timely accurate and problem solving magnent institution - Answer institution that strives for excellence, high job satisfaction among nurses, low voluntary turnover, improve patient care, safety and satisfaction. requires all nurses have BSN Role of State Board of Nursing - Answer enforce the nurse practice act and nurse licensure publish rules and regulations that expand law revise to keep up with new health care developments approve nurse education programs in schools and universities in the state developing practice standards developing policies, administrative rules and regulations how are members of state board of Nursing selected - Answer 31 states: governor (62%) 17 states: (34%) governor and approved by some other legislative body 2 states: (4%) other process National Council of State Boards of Nursing - Answer vehicle through which boards of nursing act and counsel together to provide regulatory excellence for public health, safety and welfare provides education, service and research through collaborative leadership to promote evidence-based regulatory excellence for patient safety and public protection Nurse practice acts - Answer varies among states: group that has authority/power and composition of board of nursing education program standards types of titles and licenses requirements for licensure grounds for disciplinary action or violations and possible remedies characteristics of strong/model nurse practice act - Answer quality, safety and evidence Administrative Roles and Regulation - Answer clarify and further specify provisions of Nursing Practice Act rules cannot set requirements that are more stringent than the act rules have the force and effect of law malpractice - Answer greatest legal concern for nursing practice; doesn't have to be intentional; Was prevailing standard of care met? negligence - Answer failure to act as a reasonably prudent person would act in the same circumstances causes of negligence - Answer failure to: follow standards of care, use equipment in responsible manner, to communicate, to document, assess and monitor, act as a patient advocate state board of nursing - Answer have ability to discipline a licensee; most frequent reason for discipline is practice while impaired; others are practicing without a license, malpractice and negligence Nurse licensure compact - Answer allows RN's to have one license but practice in other compact member states; adopted 34 states 6 pending professional liability insurance - Answer protects professional advice and service subacute care - Answer inpatient care between hospital and long-term care; does not require monitoring or diagnostic procedures; cheaper than tertiary care joint comission - Answer nonprofit tax exempted org that accredits more health care organizations and programs in the US total nation health spending - Answer 1.3 trillion gdp - Answer 17.9% fee for service - Answer payment offers providers specific amount of compensation in exchange for providing a specific service; inherently inflationary managed care payment - Answer reduce cost of providing health benefits and improve quality of care hmo - Answer health maintenance organization ppo - Answer preferred provider organization nightengale - Answer founder of modern medicine; wrote notes on nursing, what it is and what it is not and notes on hospitals; beleived healing occurred within the environment and nurse play a role in creating environments that promote healing; 8 aspects of professional nursing: ventilation and warming, health of home, noise, variety, bed/lighting; cleanliness of rooms/walls; observe the sick henderson - Answer developed definition of nursing; 14 basic needs of the patients; catalogue of literature published rogers - Answer unitary human beings model; continuum of care more important than episodes of care; physics and dynamic energies interacting with environment peplau - Answer interpersonal relation; nurse and patient is a dyad; promote patient survival and patients understanding of health and how to maintain it orem - Answer self care deficit; developed 3 interrelated theories; self care, self care deficits, and nursing systems; focused on designing nursing actions so that people can meet care needs and process of assessment, relatinship building education and intervention to support self care Characteristics of a Profession (8) - Answer 1. The service is vital to humanity and society 2. Specialized knowledge expanded through research 3. The service is intellectual in nature; Strong individual responsibility for practice 4. Educated in institutions of higher learning 5. Practitioners are relatively independent and autonomous 6. There is a code of ethics to guide decisions and member's conduct 7. There is an organization/ association that encourages and supports high standards of practice 8. Working identity based on values and mission of the profession ANA - Answer -Founded in 1896 -The ANA is the only full-service professional organization representing the interests of the nation's 3.6 million registered nurses -National Organization (ANA) State-level Constituent Organizations (e.g.: ANA-New York) -In 2013 the American Nurses Association had 163,011 registered members definition of nursing - Answer "Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations." scope of practice - Answer -The "who," "what," "where," "when," "why," and "how" of nursing practice. -Each of these questions must be answered to provide a complete picture of the dynamic and complex practice of nursing -Scope of practice bound by state regulations, organizational policies, patient needs -Trend to expand nurses' scope of practice to take advantage of their education and expertise scope of practice- ask yourself - Answer -Did I learn this skill in my basic nursing program? -Did I learn this skill as part of a comprehensive training program which included clinical experience? -Is the skill commonplace in nursing literature and in nursing practice that it can reasonably and prudently be assumed within scope? -Is the skill outlined in the organization's policy and procedure manual? -Does this skill pass the "reasonable and prudent" standard of nursing? the goals of the nursing profession (social compact) Nursing has an active and enduring leadership role six areas of health care: - Answer 1. Organization, delivery, and financing of quality health care 2. Provision for the public's health 3. Expansion of nursing knowledge and appropriate application of technology 4. Expansion of healthcare resources and health policy 5. Planning for health policy and regulation 6. Duties under extreme conditions workforce issues and trends - Answer IOM Future of Nursing Report -goal that 80% of the RN workforce holds a bachelor's degree Promote racial and ethnic diversity of the workforce so it more closely matches the US population Wave of retirement, impending shortage, new career opportunities Four generations of nurses in the workplace each with different values and expectations Mid-Nineteenth-Century Nursing in England: The Influence of Florence Nightingale - Answer She was the founder of modern nursing. May 12, 1820 She was the daughter of a privileged, aristocratic family. Stifled by her social position, she entered nurses' training at age 30. She spurred reform of the British Army medical system based on her efforts during Crimean War. She wrote Notes on Nursing: What It Is and What It Is Not to establish nursing's unique body of knowledge. She founded first training school for nurses in London (1860). After the Civil War: Moving Toward Education and Licensure Under the Challenges of Segregation - Answer The Civil War prompted a move toward formal education of nurses Three American schools were modeled after Nightingale's school and opened in 1873: Bellevue Training School for Nurses (New York City) Connecticut Training School for Nurses (New Haven) Boston Training School for Nurses at Massachusetts General Hospital The Feminization of Nursing - Answer Requirements for early nursing school applicants were based on Victorian stereotypes of female qualities. "Good breeding" and "ladylike behavior" Submission to authority Sensitivity Intelligence Professionalization Through Organization - Answer Chicago World's Fair (1893) Several nursing leaders emerged after gathering there to share ideas. Isabel Hampton Robb Lavinia Lloyd Dock Bedford Fenwick Paper by Florence Nightingale What became the National League for Nursing (NLN; with its early name) was formed at this meeting. 1896: American Nurses Association (ANA) Founded by Isabel Hampton Robb Name changed to ANA in 1911 1899: International Council of Nurses (ICN) 1908: National Association for Colored Graduate Nurses 1916: African-American students admitted to ANA through constituent states in the North Professionalism and Standardization of Nursing Through Licensure - Answer 1903: Four states created permissive licensure. Established "title protection" for nurses in these states 1923: All states require examinations for "title protection," though not standardized. 1947: Fully mandated licensure, as started in New York in 1930, became the norm. 1950: NLN administered the first nationwide State Board Test Pool Examination. Nursing's Focus on Social Justice: The Henry Street Settlement - Answer Margaret Sanger Henry Street Settlement Addressed plight of immigrant women in New York Fought for safe contraception and family planning Dangerous, controversial work Renowned for preserving reproductive and contraceptive rights for women : Challenges of the Great Depression and World War II - Answer 1933: The Civil Works Administration (CWA) nurses provided rural and school health services for families who could no long afford nursing services. 1935: Social Security Act enhanced public health nursing. World War II The inadequate supply of nurses prompted Congress to budget for nursing education. 124,000 volunteer student nurses were certified by the Cadet Nurse Corps. Technological Developments - Answer Four types: genetics, biomedical, information, and knowledge Genetics: Genomics, epigenetics, and pharmacogenetics will shape the foreseeable future of health care and nursing practice. Biomedical: Nurses take responsibility for monitoring and responding to data generated by complex machines or implantable devices. The ANA Advances the Nursing Profession by: - Answer 1. Fostering high standards of nursing practice, 2. Promoting the rights of nurses in the workplace, 3. Projecting a positive and realistic view of nursing, 4. Lobbying the Congress and regulatory agencies on health care issues affecting nurses and the public. Becoming a nurse - Answer Socialization - school, work/organization, professional activities Evolution from Novice to Expert -trajectory of clinical reasoning skills that develop over time and with experience