CRIMINOLOGY WJEC UNIT ONE EXAM (QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS)

CRIMINOLOGY WJEC UNIT ONE EXAM (QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS) What is social policy? - CORRECT ANSWER-Social policy consists of guidelines, principles, legislation and activities that affect the living conditions conducive of human welfare, such as their quality of life. What causes a change in social policies? - CORRECT ANSWER-Social policies change due to social change. An example of this could be the feminist movement. The feminist movement caused changes in policy so that women were able to vote, etc. Another example could be the death penalty. Policies changed so that the death penalty was no longer available due to the nature of this punishment. What are social values, norms and mores? - CORRECT ANSWER--Social values - rules shared by most in society - respect the elderly. -Norms - social expectations, they keep deviance in check - mourning colours. -Mores - good way of behaving - not acceptable to do drugs. How do difference in culture, place and time affect law marking and changing? - CORRECT ANSWER--Time - views and opinions change over time or campaigners can promote change and change occurs due knowledge advancements. E.g. LGBT+ rights and gay marriage. -Place - the same criminal offences are not necessarily in place throughout the world or even policed in the same way. E.g. adultery in the Middle East. -Culture - different cultures view crimes differently, even at the same point in time. E.g. adultery. How have public perceptions of crime changed? - CORRECT ANSWER-- Media is more accessible than previously so crime information is available all of the time. - Over reporting in the media of some issues and under reporting others. - The public reporting more crimes. - Crime does not always attract the same level of 'shame'. - We have become more accepting of some crime now. What is the main idea of the biological theories? - CORRECT ANSWER-There is a biological difference between criminals and non-criminals. What are the biological theories? - CORRECT ANSWER-- Lombroso - physiological. - Sheldon - physiological. - Jacobs XYY - genetic. - Adoption/twin studies - genetic. What are the genetic theories? - CORRECT ANSWER-- Twin/adoption studies. - Jacobs XYY. What are the main principles of Jacobs XYY theory? - CORRECT ANSWER-Criminality is caused by an extra Y chromosome. This chromosome produces extra testosterone which causes them to become more aggressive. This extra chromosome also causes lowered intelligence. The lack of intelligence leads to them not being aware of the consequences of crime. What are the strengths and weaknesses of Jacobs XYY theory - CORRECT ANSWERStrengths: - A test identifies that 15 in every 1000 prisoners have the extra Y chromosome. - Identifies how a lack of intelligence causes a lack of ability to rethink committing crime. Weaknesses: - Not all people with this extra Y chromosome are criminals. - Most criminals do not have the extra Y chromosome. What are the main principles of twin/adoption studies? - CORRECT ANSWERTwin/adoption studies identify whether criminality is due to a genetic link to criminal parents or due to a the situation/way they were brought up. What are the strengths and weaknesses of twin/adoption studies? - CORRECT ANSWER-Strengths: - Identifies whether criminality is genetic or due to something in their life. - Identical twins show high concordance for criminal behaviour. Weaknesses: - Difficult to find twins separated at birth. - Children are sometimes adopted later on.