FNDH 400: Ch. 12 "Blood, Bones, and Teeth Micronutrients" questions and answers 100% verified.

FNDH 400: Ch. 12 "Blood, Bones, and Teeth Micronutrients" questions and answers 100% verified. Which of the following is not a unique feature of vitamin D relative to other micronutrients? a) We can synthesize it b) It is conditionally essential c) It is hormone-like d) All of the above are unique features - correct answers.d 1,25(OH)2D binding to the vitamin D receptor causes the transcription of the calbindin, which helps facilitate uptake and transport across the enterocyte, thus increasing calcium uptake and absorption. (true or false) - correct - correctly describes calbindin's role in increasing calcium absorption Which of the following is not an inhibitor of calcium absorption? a) Phytate b) Oxalate c) Oxaloacetate d) All of the above are inhibitors - correct answers.c - Oxaloacetate is a citric acid cycle intermediate, not an inhibitor of calcium absorption Given that Chinese spinach contains 347mg of calcium and cow's milk only contains 300mg, we would expect to absorb more calcium from the Chinese spinach. (true or false) - correct - It takes 3.3 servings of Chinese spinach to equal 1 serving of cow's milk even though it contains more calcium. - Chinese spinach, like many natural plant sources, contains more inhibitors which lowers the bioavailability of its calcium Which following source will result in the highest calcium bioavailability? a) Calcium citrate b) Calcium citrate malate c) Skim milk d) There is not significant difference between these sources - correct answers.c - Research has found no significant differences between these sources Which of the following is not a function of calcium? a) Binds to troponin in muscle contraction b) Cofactor for a heme synthesis enzyme c) Calcium channels control neurotransmitter release d) Binds to Gla proteins in the blood clotting cascade e) Calcium channels stimulate hormone release - correct answers.b - It is not a cofactor for heme synthesis (unlike vitamin B6) When considering the osteopenia, osteomalacia and osteoporosis, which is not correct? a) Osteopenia: decreased bone mass, matrix:mineral ratio normal b) Osteoporosis: same as osteopenia, greater decrease in bone mass c) Osteomalacia: increased matrix:mineral ratio, bone mass is normal d) Osteomalacia: decreased matrix:mineral ratio, bone mass is normal d) All of the above are correct - correct answers.d - Because there is greater protein matrix and less mineral, in osteomalacia bone mass is normal, but the matrix:mineral ratio is increased Nearly all peak bone mass is built before a person can legally purchase alcoholic beverages in the US (21 years of age). (true or false) - correct - 90% of peak bone mass is built by 18 in females and 20 in males Females have higher levels of osteoporosis because even though they have higher peak bone mass than males, they have a much steeper decline during menopause. (true or false) - correct - females have lower peak bone mass than males Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measures bone mineral density and provides a t-score that can be used to understand a person's bone health/status. (true or false) - correct