NCLE Exam Prep 2023-2024 with
Complete Solutions!!
optic zone - ANSWER-the central portion of a contact lens which contains the refractive
power and generally corresponds to the central corneal cap
posterior apecal radius - ANSWER-this term is generally used in reference to spin-cast
soft lenses. the curvature of the posterior surface of the lens changes with the refractive
power. the radius of curvature is measured at the apex of the posterior surface.
steeper base curve - ANSWER-occurs when the posterior radius of curvature is
decreased (i.e. 8.4 to 8.1 mm)
flatter base curve - ANSWER-occurs when the posterior radius of curvature is increased
(i.e.8.1 to 8.4 mm)
bicurve lens - ANSWER-a contact lens which contains two curves: one base curve and
one secondary curve. it is usually small 7.5 to 8.8 mm on diameter, relatively steep and
made with narrow peripheral curves about 0.2 mm. lenses are usually intrapalpebral
lenses, designed to fit within the palpebral fissure limits.
tricurve lens - ANSWER-a contact lens which contains three curves: a base curve, an
outer peripheral posterior curve (PPC), and an intermediate posterior curve (IPC).
lenses are generally larger, 9.5 mm or greater.
multicurve lens - ANSWER-contains a base curve and three or more peripheral curves.
usually a larger lens.
junctional zone - ANSWER-the junction of two curves
blending - ANSWER-the smoothing of a junctional zone by removing the sharp line
between the zones
lens diameter or chord diameter - ANSWER-the width of a lens or the measurement
from one edge of the lens to the opposite edge
curve widths - ANSWER-the width of the CPC, PPC, or IPC
central thickness - ANSWER-separation between the anterior and posterior surface at
the geometric center of the lens. minus lenses are thinner, plus lenses are thicker
,ballasted lens - ANSWER-lens with a heavier base which becomes oriented inferiorly or
downward when the lens is worn
prism ballated lens - ANSWER-a ballasted lens which utilizes a prism wedge designed
to weight the lens
truncated lens - ANSWER-a lens which has been cut off, usually 0.5-1.5 mm along its
lower edge, to form a horizontal base. double ________ along the top and bottom
portion of the lens is sometimes done to help improve stabilization
back surface power - ANSWER-effective power of a lens when measured from the back
surface
wetting angle - ANSWER-the angle that the edge of a bead of water makes with the
surface of the plastic, the smaller the angle the greater the wetting ability
toric lenses or toroid lenses - ANSWER-lenses with different radii of curvature in each
meridian which are used to correct astigmatism
principal meridians - ANSWER-the meridians of shortest and longest radii which differ
by 90 degrees
front surface toric lens - ANSWER-a lens in which the anterior surface has two different
radii and the posterior surface is spherical
back surface toric lens - ANSWER-a lens in which the posterior surface has two
different radii and the anterior surface is spherical
bitoric lens - ANSWER-a lens in which both the posterior and anterior surfaces contain
two different radii
lenticular bowl - ANSWER-a lens design generally used in higher plus power which
consists of a central optic zone and a surrounding non-optic peripheral or "carrier"
portion
spin-cast soft lens - ANSWER-a mentioned of manufacturing soft contact lenses
whereby a liquid material is revolved in a mold at a controlled speed and temperature
which produces the desired curvature, design, and power
acuity - ANSWER-clearness; visual ________ is measured by the smallest object that
can be seen at a certain distance
adnexa oculi - ANSWER-accessory structures of the eye, such as the lacrimal
appatatus and the eyelids
,albinism - ANSWER-heredetary loss of pigment in the eye, skin, hair, usually associated
with lowered visual acuity, nystagmus and light sensitivity
amblyopia - ANSWER-loss of vision without any apparent disease of the eye
ametropia - ANSWER-a refractive error in which the eye, when in a state of rest, does
not focus the image of an object upon the retina; includes hyperopia, myopia, and
astigmatism. see also refractive error
aniridia - ANSWER-congenital absence of the iris
aniseikonia - ANSWER-a condition in which the ocular image of an object as seen by
one eye differs so much in size or shape from that seen by the other eye that the two
images cannot be focused into a single impression
aniscoria - ANSWER-inequality of the pupils in diameter
anomaly - ANSWER-departure from the normal
anophthalmia - ANSWER-absence of a true eyeball
anterior chamber - ANSWER-space in front of the eye, bounded in front by the cornea
and behind by the iris; filled with aqueous humor
antibody - ANSWER-a specific substance produced by the body in the presence of an
antigen
antigen - ANSWER-any substance that acts against the action of histamine
antihistamine - ANSWER-a substance that acts against the action of histamine
aphakia - ANSWER-absence of the crystalline lens of the eye
aqueous humor - ANSWER-clear, watery fluid that fills the anterior and posterior
chambers within the front part of the eye
arcus senilus - ANSWER-grayish white ring in the periphery of the cornea
asthenopia - ANSWER-eye fatigue caused by tiring of the internal and/or external
muscles
astigmatism - ANSWER-a refractive error that prevents the light rays from coming to a
single focus on the retina because of different degrees of refraction in the various
meridians of the eye
, against the rule astigmatism - ANSWER-condition in which the steepest corneal
meridian is in the horizontal plane. an example of keratometer readings for a patient
exhibiting_______________ would be: K's 45.00 @ 180/042.00 @ 90
lenticular astigmatism - ANSWER-astigmatism that is found in the crystallilne lens
oblique astigmatism - ANSWER-regular astigmatism in which the principal meridians
are other than 90 and 180
residual astigmatism - ANSWER-astigmatism remaining after the corneal astigmatism
has been neutralized
with the rule astigmatism - ANSWER-condition in which the steepest corneal meridian is
in the vertical plane. as example of keratometer readings for a patient exhibiting with the
rule astigmatism would be: k's 42.00 @ 180/45.00 @90
atrophy - ANSWER-wasting or decreasing of a tissue due to faulty nutrition or loss of
nerve supply
hydrogel - ANSWER-soft contact lenses are also known as:
silicone hydrogel - ANSWER-what soft lens material provides greater oxygen
permeability without increasing the water content of the lens?
flexible wear - ANSWER-extended wear lens that is worn on a daily wear basis
BVP back vertex power - ANSWER-when neutralizing a lens in back vertex power,the
concave or posterior side of the lens is placed against the aperture of the lensometer.
beweding (cornea) - ANSWER-an edematous condition of the epithelium of the cornea
characterized by irregular reflecting from a multitude of droplets when the cornea is
viewed with the slit lamp
biconcave lens - ANSWER-lens having a concave surface on both faces.
biconvex lens - ANSWER-lens having a convex surface on both faces.
binocular vision - ANSWER-ability to use the two eyes simultaneously to focus on the
same interpretation of its solidity and its position in space.
blepharitis - ANSWER-inflammation of the margins of the eyelids.
blepharoconjuctivitis - ANSWER-inflammation of the eyelid and conjunctiva.
blepharoplasty - ANSWER-plastic surgery of the eyelid.
Complete Solutions!!
optic zone - ANSWER-the central portion of a contact lens which contains the refractive
power and generally corresponds to the central corneal cap
posterior apecal radius - ANSWER-this term is generally used in reference to spin-cast
soft lenses. the curvature of the posterior surface of the lens changes with the refractive
power. the radius of curvature is measured at the apex of the posterior surface.
steeper base curve - ANSWER-occurs when the posterior radius of curvature is
decreased (i.e. 8.4 to 8.1 mm)
flatter base curve - ANSWER-occurs when the posterior radius of curvature is increased
(i.e.8.1 to 8.4 mm)
bicurve lens - ANSWER-a contact lens which contains two curves: one base curve and
one secondary curve. it is usually small 7.5 to 8.8 mm on diameter, relatively steep and
made with narrow peripheral curves about 0.2 mm. lenses are usually intrapalpebral
lenses, designed to fit within the palpebral fissure limits.
tricurve lens - ANSWER-a contact lens which contains three curves: a base curve, an
outer peripheral posterior curve (PPC), and an intermediate posterior curve (IPC).
lenses are generally larger, 9.5 mm or greater.
multicurve lens - ANSWER-contains a base curve and three or more peripheral curves.
usually a larger lens.
junctional zone - ANSWER-the junction of two curves
blending - ANSWER-the smoothing of a junctional zone by removing the sharp line
between the zones
lens diameter or chord diameter - ANSWER-the width of a lens or the measurement
from one edge of the lens to the opposite edge
curve widths - ANSWER-the width of the CPC, PPC, or IPC
central thickness - ANSWER-separation between the anterior and posterior surface at
the geometric center of the lens. minus lenses are thinner, plus lenses are thicker
,ballasted lens - ANSWER-lens with a heavier base which becomes oriented inferiorly or
downward when the lens is worn
prism ballated lens - ANSWER-a ballasted lens which utilizes a prism wedge designed
to weight the lens
truncated lens - ANSWER-a lens which has been cut off, usually 0.5-1.5 mm along its
lower edge, to form a horizontal base. double ________ along the top and bottom
portion of the lens is sometimes done to help improve stabilization
back surface power - ANSWER-effective power of a lens when measured from the back
surface
wetting angle - ANSWER-the angle that the edge of a bead of water makes with the
surface of the plastic, the smaller the angle the greater the wetting ability
toric lenses or toroid lenses - ANSWER-lenses with different radii of curvature in each
meridian which are used to correct astigmatism
principal meridians - ANSWER-the meridians of shortest and longest radii which differ
by 90 degrees
front surface toric lens - ANSWER-a lens in which the anterior surface has two different
radii and the posterior surface is spherical
back surface toric lens - ANSWER-a lens in which the posterior surface has two
different radii and the anterior surface is spherical
bitoric lens - ANSWER-a lens in which both the posterior and anterior surfaces contain
two different radii
lenticular bowl - ANSWER-a lens design generally used in higher plus power which
consists of a central optic zone and a surrounding non-optic peripheral or "carrier"
portion
spin-cast soft lens - ANSWER-a mentioned of manufacturing soft contact lenses
whereby a liquid material is revolved in a mold at a controlled speed and temperature
which produces the desired curvature, design, and power
acuity - ANSWER-clearness; visual ________ is measured by the smallest object that
can be seen at a certain distance
adnexa oculi - ANSWER-accessory structures of the eye, such as the lacrimal
appatatus and the eyelids
,albinism - ANSWER-heredetary loss of pigment in the eye, skin, hair, usually associated
with lowered visual acuity, nystagmus and light sensitivity
amblyopia - ANSWER-loss of vision without any apparent disease of the eye
ametropia - ANSWER-a refractive error in which the eye, when in a state of rest, does
not focus the image of an object upon the retina; includes hyperopia, myopia, and
astigmatism. see also refractive error
aniridia - ANSWER-congenital absence of the iris
aniseikonia - ANSWER-a condition in which the ocular image of an object as seen by
one eye differs so much in size or shape from that seen by the other eye that the two
images cannot be focused into a single impression
aniscoria - ANSWER-inequality of the pupils in diameter
anomaly - ANSWER-departure from the normal
anophthalmia - ANSWER-absence of a true eyeball
anterior chamber - ANSWER-space in front of the eye, bounded in front by the cornea
and behind by the iris; filled with aqueous humor
antibody - ANSWER-a specific substance produced by the body in the presence of an
antigen
antigen - ANSWER-any substance that acts against the action of histamine
antihistamine - ANSWER-a substance that acts against the action of histamine
aphakia - ANSWER-absence of the crystalline lens of the eye
aqueous humor - ANSWER-clear, watery fluid that fills the anterior and posterior
chambers within the front part of the eye
arcus senilus - ANSWER-grayish white ring in the periphery of the cornea
asthenopia - ANSWER-eye fatigue caused by tiring of the internal and/or external
muscles
astigmatism - ANSWER-a refractive error that prevents the light rays from coming to a
single focus on the retina because of different degrees of refraction in the various
meridians of the eye
, against the rule astigmatism - ANSWER-condition in which the steepest corneal
meridian is in the horizontal plane. an example of keratometer readings for a patient
exhibiting_______________ would be: K's 45.00 @ 180/042.00 @ 90
lenticular astigmatism - ANSWER-astigmatism that is found in the crystallilne lens
oblique astigmatism - ANSWER-regular astigmatism in which the principal meridians
are other than 90 and 180
residual astigmatism - ANSWER-astigmatism remaining after the corneal astigmatism
has been neutralized
with the rule astigmatism - ANSWER-condition in which the steepest corneal meridian is
in the vertical plane. as example of keratometer readings for a patient exhibiting with the
rule astigmatism would be: k's 42.00 @ 180/45.00 @90
atrophy - ANSWER-wasting or decreasing of a tissue due to faulty nutrition or loss of
nerve supply
hydrogel - ANSWER-soft contact lenses are also known as:
silicone hydrogel - ANSWER-what soft lens material provides greater oxygen
permeability without increasing the water content of the lens?
flexible wear - ANSWER-extended wear lens that is worn on a daily wear basis
BVP back vertex power - ANSWER-when neutralizing a lens in back vertex power,the
concave or posterior side of the lens is placed against the aperture of the lensometer.
beweding (cornea) - ANSWER-an edematous condition of the epithelium of the cornea
characterized by irregular reflecting from a multitude of droplets when the cornea is
viewed with the slit lamp
biconcave lens - ANSWER-lens having a concave surface on both faces.
biconvex lens - ANSWER-lens having a convex surface on both faces.
binocular vision - ANSWER-ability to use the two eyes simultaneously to focus on the
same interpretation of its solidity and its position in space.
blepharitis - ANSWER-inflammation of the margins of the eyelids.
blepharoconjuctivitis - ANSWER-inflammation of the eyelid and conjunctiva.
blepharoplasty - ANSWER-plastic surgery of the eyelid.
