NMTCB Review Latest Update Graded A+

NMTCB Review Latest Update Graded A+ NRC Nuclear Regulatory Commission DOT Department of Transportation Type A Packaging Adequate for normal transport Type B Packaging Used for large quantities of radioactivity What type of packaging is used for routine transport of radio pharmaceuticals? Type A Categories for labeling Type A packages Measured dose rate, package surface, 1 m from the surface TI Transport Index Transport index Dose rate measured at 1 m from the surface DOT 1 (white) -No more than 0.5 mR/h at surface -NDR at 1 m DOT 2 (yellow) -No more than 50 mR/h at surface -No more than 1 mR/h at 1 m DOT 3 (yellow) -No more than 200 mR/h at surface -No more than 10 mR/h at 1 m FDA Food and Drug Administration IND Investigational New Drug What does a radio pharmaceutical need to be distribute for sale? NDA NDA New Drug Authorization A drug under investigation for future approval IND 3 factors in reducing external radiation exposure Time, distance, shielding Total dose= (Dose rate)(Time) Inverse square law= (I1)(D1)^2=(I2)(D2)^2 Shielding for alpha particles Sheet of paper Shielding for beta particles Plastic or lucite Why should lead shielding not be used for beta emitters? Creates bremmstrahlung Bremsstrahlung Radiation resulting from deceleration of beta particles as they approach the nuclei of the lead atoms-released as x rays HVL Half value layer The amount of bremsstrahlung _____________ with the density of the material that the beta particles pass Increases Half value layer The thickness of a material required to reduce the radiation intensity to half its original value Energy of positron emitters 511 keV When are film badges affective? When measuring radiation exposures of 10 mrem to several hundred rem What is a film badge made of? 3 or 4 filters of different material (lead, copper, aluminum, plastic) TLD