ATLS Pretest
A 22-year-old man is hypotensive and tachycardic after a shotgun wound to the left shoulder.
His blood pressure is initially 80/40 mm Hg. After initial fluid resuscitation his blood pressure
increases to 122/84 mm Hg. His heart rate is now 100 beats per minute and his respiratory rate
is 28 breaths per minute. A tube thoracostomy is performed for decreased left chest breath
sounds with the return of a small amount of blood and no air leak. After chest tube insertion, the
most appropriate next step is: - ANSre-examine the chest
A construction worker falls two stories from a building and sustains bilateral calcaneal fractures.
In the emergency department, he is alert, vital signs are normal, and he is complaining of
severe pain in both heels and his lower back. Lower extremity pulses are strong and there is no
other deformity. The suspected diagnosis is most likely to be confirmed by: - ANScomplete
spine x-ray series
Which of the following is true regarding the initial resuscitation of a trauma patient? -
ANSEvidence of improved perfusion after fluid resuscitation could include improvement in
Glasgow Coma Scale score on reevaluation.
In managing a patient with a severe traumatic brain injury, the most important initial step is to: -
ANSsecure the airway
A previously healthy, 70-kg (154-pound) man suffers an estimated acute blood loss of 2 liters.
Which one of the following statements applies to this patient? - ANSAn ABG would demonstrate
a base deficit between -6 and -10 mEq/L.
The physiological hypervolemia of pregnancy has clinical significance in the management of the
severely injured, gravid woman by: - ANSincreasing the volume of blood loss to produce
maternal hypotension
The best assessment of fluid resuscitation of the adult burn patient is: - ANSurinary output of 0.5
mL/kg/hr
The diagnosis of shock must include: - ANSevidence of inadequate organ perfusion
A 7-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents several minutes after
he fell through a window. He is bleeding profusely from a 6-cm wound of his medial right thigh.
Immediate management of the wound should consist of: - ANSdirect pressure on the wound
For the patient with severe traumatic brain injury, profound hypocarbia should be avoided to
prevent: - ANScerebral vasoconstriction with diminished perfusion
, After being involved in a motor vehicle crash, a 25-year-old man is brought to a hospital that has
surgery capabilities available.. Computed tomography of the chest and abdomen shows an
aortic injury and splenic laceration with free abdominal fluid. His blood pressure falls to 70 mm
Hg after CT. The next step is: - ANSperform an exploratory laparotomy
Which one of the following statements regarding abdominal trauma in the pregnant patient is
TRUE? - ANSLeakage of amniotic fluid is an indication for hospital admission.
The first maneuver to improve oxygenation after chest injury is: - ANSadminister supplemental
oxygen
A 25-year-old man, injured in a motor vehicular crash, is admitted to the emergency department.
His pupils react sluggishly and his eyes open to pressure. He does not follow commands, but he
does moan periodically. His right arm is deformed and does not respond to pressure; however,
his left hand reaches purposefully toward the stimulus. Both legs are stiffly extended. His GCS
score is: - ANS9
A 20-year-old woman who is at 32 weeks gestation, is stabbed in the upper right chest. In the
emergency department, her blood pressure is 80/60 mm Hg. She is gasping for breath,
extremely anxious, and yelling for help. Breath sounds are diminished in the right chest. The
most appropriate first step is to: - ANSperform needle or finger decompression of the right chest
Which one of the following findings in an adult is most likely to require immediate management
during the primary survey? - ANSrespiratory rate of 40 breaths per minute
The most important, immediate step in the management of an open pneumothorax is: -
ANSplacement of an occlusive dressing over the wound
The following are contraindications for tetanus toxoid administration: - ANShistory of
neurological reaction or severe hypersensitivity to the product
A 56-year-old man is thrown violently against the steering wheel of his truck during a motor
vehicle crash. On arrival in the emergency department he is diaphoretic and complaining of
chest pain. His blood pressure is 60/40 mm Hg and his respiratory rate is 40 breaths per minute.
Which of the following best differentiates cardiac tamponade from tension pneumothorax as the
cause of his hypotension? - ANSbreath sounds
Bronchial intubation of the right or left mainstem bronchus can easily occur during infant
endotracheal intubation because: - ANSThe trachea is relatively short.
A 23-year-old man sustains 4 stab wounds to the upper right chest during an altercation and is
brought by ambulance to a hospital that has full surgical capabilities. His wounds are all above
the nipple. He is endotracheally intubated, closed tube thoracostomy is performed, fluid
resuscitation is initiated through 2 large-caliber IVs. FAST exam does not reveal intraabdominal
A 22-year-old man is hypotensive and tachycardic after a shotgun wound to the left shoulder.
His blood pressure is initially 80/40 mm Hg. After initial fluid resuscitation his blood pressure
increases to 122/84 mm Hg. His heart rate is now 100 beats per minute and his respiratory rate
is 28 breaths per minute. A tube thoracostomy is performed for decreased left chest breath
sounds with the return of a small amount of blood and no air leak. After chest tube insertion, the
most appropriate next step is: - ANSre-examine the chest
A construction worker falls two stories from a building and sustains bilateral calcaneal fractures.
In the emergency department, he is alert, vital signs are normal, and he is complaining of
severe pain in both heels and his lower back. Lower extremity pulses are strong and there is no
other deformity. The suspected diagnosis is most likely to be confirmed by: - ANScomplete
spine x-ray series
Which of the following is true regarding the initial resuscitation of a trauma patient? -
ANSEvidence of improved perfusion after fluid resuscitation could include improvement in
Glasgow Coma Scale score on reevaluation.
In managing a patient with a severe traumatic brain injury, the most important initial step is to: -
ANSsecure the airway
A previously healthy, 70-kg (154-pound) man suffers an estimated acute blood loss of 2 liters.
Which one of the following statements applies to this patient? - ANSAn ABG would demonstrate
a base deficit between -6 and -10 mEq/L.
The physiological hypervolemia of pregnancy has clinical significance in the management of the
severely injured, gravid woman by: - ANSincreasing the volume of blood loss to produce
maternal hypotension
The best assessment of fluid resuscitation of the adult burn patient is: - ANSurinary output of 0.5
mL/kg/hr
The diagnosis of shock must include: - ANSevidence of inadequate organ perfusion
A 7-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents several minutes after
he fell through a window. He is bleeding profusely from a 6-cm wound of his medial right thigh.
Immediate management of the wound should consist of: - ANSdirect pressure on the wound
For the patient with severe traumatic brain injury, profound hypocarbia should be avoided to
prevent: - ANScerebral vasoconstriction with diminished perfusion
, After being involved in a motor vehicle crash, a 25-year-old man is brought to a hospital that has
surgery capabilities available.. Computed tomography of the chest and abdomen shows an
aortic injury and splenic laceration with free abdominal fluid. His blood pressure falls to 70 mm
Hg after CT. The next step is: - ANSperform an exploratory laparotomy
Which one of the following statements regarding abdominal trauma in the pregnant patient is
TRUE? - ANSLeakage of amniotic fluid is an indication for hospital admission.
The first maneuver to improve oxygenation after chest injury is: - ANSadminister supplemental
oxygen
A 25-year-old man, injured in a motor vehicular crash, is admitted to the emergency department.
His pupils react sluggishly and his eyes open to pressure. He does not follow commands, but he
does moan periodically. His right arm is deformed and does not respond to pressure; however,
his left hand reaches purposefully toward the stimulus. Both legs are stiffly extended. His GCS
score is: - ANS9
A 20-year-old woman who is at 32 weeks gestation, is stabbed in the upper right chest. In the
emergency department, her blood pressure is 80/60 mm Hg. She is gasping for breath,
extremely anxious, and yelling for help. Breath sounds are diminished in the right chest. The
most appropriate first step is to: - ANSperform needle or finger decompression of the right chest
Which one of the following findings in an adult is most likely to require immediate management
during the primary survey? - ANSrespiratory rate of 40 breaths per minute
The most important, immediate step in the management of an open pneumothorax is: -
ANSplacement of an occlusive dressing over the wound
The following are contraindications for tetanus toxoid administration: - ANShistory of
neurological reaction or severe hypersensitivity to the product
A 56-year-old man is thrown violently against the steering wheel of his truck during a motor
vehicle crash. On arrival in the emergency department he is diaphoretic and complaining of
chest pain. His blood pressure is 60/40 mm Hg and his respiratory rate is 40 breaths per minute.
Which of the following best differentiates cardiac tamponade from tension pneumothorax as the
cause of his hypotension? - ANSbreath sounds
Bronchial intubation of the right or left mainstem bronchus can easily occur during infant
endotracheal intubation because: - ANSThe trachea is relatively short.
A 23-year-old man sustains 4 stab wounds to the upper right chest during an altercation and is
brought by ambulance to a hospital that has full surgical capabilities. His wounds are all above
the nipple. He is endotracheally intubated, closed tube thoracostomy is performed, fluid
resuscitation is initiated through 2 large-caliber IVs. FAST exam does not reveal intraabdominal
