Radiologic Science for Technologist CH 1 Questions with Complete Solutions, A+

Potential Energy - The ability to do work by virtue of position. (stored energy) matter - anything that occupies space and has mass mass - the quantity of matter contained in any physical object (the quantity of matter as described by its energy equivalence) weight - is the force exerted on a body under the influence of gravity kg - kilo stands for 1000. is equal to 1000 grams Energy - Ability to do work Kinetic energy - The energy of motion Chemical energy - The energy released by a chemical reaction. Electrical energy - Electrons moving through an electric potential difference (voltage) Thermal energy - The energy of motion at the molecular level (heat) Nuclear energy - The energy that is contained within the nucleus of an atom Electromagnetic energy - Type of energy used in x-ray imaging. x-rays, gamma rays, radio waves, microwaves, and ultraviolet, infrared and visible light. It does not include sound electromagnetic radiation - electromagnetic energy which is radiated irradiated/exposed - a matter that intercepts radiation and absorbs part or all of it. A patient is irradiated when exposed to X-ray Ion - An atom that has gained or lost an electron. radiation - the transfer of energy Ionization - the removal of an electron from an atom. ionizing radiation - any type of radiation that is capable of removing an orbital electron from the atom with which it interacts. sources of ionizing radiation - natural environmental radiation (annual dose 3 millisieverts mSv) and man-made radiation (annual dose 3.2 mSv) unit of measurement of radiation - mSv - millisievert natural environmental radiation - cosmic rays, terrestrial radiation, internally deposited radionuclides and radon cosmic rays - are particulate and electromagnetic radiation emitted by the sun and stars (.3 mSv) terrestrial radiation - results from deposits of uranium, thorium and other radionuclides in the earth (.3 mSv) radon - a radioactive gas that is produced by natural radioactive decay of uranium in the earth (.3mSv) medical - mainly x-rays (3.2 mSv) which is 51% of over all radiation exposure (6.3 mSv) xray voltages - unit measure in kilovolt peak ( kVp) one kilovolt (kV) is equal to 1000 V of electric potential discovered x-rays in 1895 - Wilhelm Roentgen Barium platinocyanide - The fluorescent material that helped roentgen discover x-rays Who /When received the first Nobel Prize? - Roentgen, 1901 Michael Pupin - Demonstrated the use of intensifying screens, 1896 Thomas Edison - Developed the Fluoroscope in 1898 First x-ray fatality - Clarence Dally crook's tube - A partially evacuated glass tube, 1870s-1880s Coolidge tube - invented by William Coolidge in 1913 - the hot-cathode x-ray vacuum tube introduced the transformer 1907 - H.C Snook diaphragm - by William Rollins - X-ray beam is restricted by a lead sheet with a hole in the center. reduced the exposure to patients reduced hazards to patients - coloration and filtration fluoroscope - by Edison in 1898