New York State Cosmetology Board Exam Already Passed

New York State Cosmetology Board Exam Already Passed Hydrogen Bond Bonds easily broken by water and heat Salt Bond Weak Physical side bonds eaisly broken by change in pH Side Bonds (Cross Bonds) connecy the polypeptide chains side-by-side and are responsible for the hair's strength and elasticity Side Bonds (Cross Bonds) connects the polypeptide chains side-by-side and are responsible for the hair's strength and elasticity How to reform Salt Bond restor pH balance Disulfide bonds Strong chemical side bonds that can only be broken by chemical solutions Breaking Disulfide Bonds Chemical Solutions that break original CYSTEINE chain Reforming Disulfide Bonds relinks with neighboring atom in different CYSTINE chain Cyst-EINE An amino acid joined with another cyst-eine amino acid to create cyst-ine amino acid Cysc-INE An amino acid that joins together two peptide strands Peptide BONDS End Bonds that connect amino acids (end to end) that form polypeptides Polypeptide CHAINS are a spiraling chain of amino acids joined together by polypeptide bonds Development of a Single Strand of Hair >>>>>>>Amino Acids >>>>>>Peptide Bond >>>>>(3) Polypeptide Chains twist around each other to form a profibril >>>>(9) Protofibrils are packaged together as a bundle >>>(11) Bundles will produce a microfibril >>(100+) of microfibrils are cemented together in a fibrous protein, macrofibril >Cortical Fiber (Cortex) Cuticle Scales Microbe a microorganism, especially a bacterium causing disease or fermentation. Saprophytes a plant, fungus, or microorganism that lives on dead or decaying organic matter. Ringworm Tinea - a fungal parasite characterized by red rings with white, itchy scales Tinea Ringworm - a fungal parasite characterized by red rings with white, itchy scales Tinea Barbae Bacterial/fungal infection that inflames the hair follicles (foliculitis) Tinea Capitis fungal infection of the scalp characterized by pink scalp with red spots and a white, scaly appearance Tinea Favosa Fungal infection (Honeycomb Ringworm) characterized by pink scalp, whitish-yellow crusts (scutula), slight odor Cocci circular shaped bacteria that produce pus or clusters can produce strep throat and blood poisoning. Rarely show active motility. 3 groups: staphylocci, Diplocci, Streptococci Staphyloccil grow in clusters, pus forming, produce boils, pustules and abscesses. Infects skin or scalp. Caused by localized bacteria infection of the skin or hair follicle. 2 types: furuncle, carbuncle Furuncle A boil or abcess of the skin located in the hair follicle. It is an infection in the follicle caused by the bacteria staphylococcus aureas. Infected area can have more than 1 opening. Can stem from ingrown hair, foreign object lodged in the kin, or acne. Characterized by swelling, inflammation and pus with tenderness and pain Carbuncle Larger than a furncle Diplocci spherical bacteria that grow in pairs Streptococci chain shaped, grow in curved lines, pus-forming, and produce strep throat and blood poisoning. Streptococci may also produce boils, pustules and abcesses Bacilli Long rod-shaped bacteria that cause tetanus, tuberculosis and influenza Spirilla Spiral-shaped, twisted bacteria which cause lyme disease Cilia Hair like-projections that aids in motility Flagella Long appendage that propels the bacteria through liquids. Pityriasis Dandruff, characterized by an excelllerated build-up of white, flaky skin that is shed from the skin or scalp paired with malassezia ( fungus) and/or overactive sebacious gland and/or stress, climate, hormones, etc. two types: pityriasis capitis simplex and pitsriasis steatoides Pityriasis Capitis simplex Charc. by white lightweight flakes that either attach to the scalp in clusters or are scattered loosely within hair and eventually fall to the shoulders. Infrequent shampooing, excessive shampooing, and/or use of harsh shampoos can aggravate dandruff Dermal Papillae small, coned-shaped elevations that contain a mass of blood and nerves located directly under the hollowed area of the hair bulb. The papillae supply nourishment for the continued growth of the hair fiber. Hair bulb is a rounded, club-shaped part at the very end of the root. It is hollowed out and fits over a papilla Hair Follicle Is a tube-like depression or pocket in the skin that contains the hair root. It determines the angle at which the hair fiber will emerge from the scalp Sebaceous Glands Oil glands that produce sebum Arrector Pilli Muscle Small involuntary muscle located along the side of the hair follicle. This muscle is responsible for "goose bumps" Anagen Period of active growth Catagen Period of breakdown and change Telogen The resting period befor growth resumes ACT Phases of growth Pityiasis Steatoides severe case of dandruff charaterized by an accumualtion of greasy or waxy scales mixed with sebum that sticks to the scalp in crusts Hypertrichosis Also known as hirsuties; condition of abnormal growth of hair, characterized by the growth of terminal hair in areas of the body that normally grow only vellus hair. Trichoptilosis Also known as split ends, is when hair ends are dried out and damaged by overexposure to heating tools, weather elements and/or chemical services Split Ends Trichoptilosis fragilitas crinium Also known as brittle hair, when the hair is susceptible to breakage Trichorrhexis nodosa Technical term for knotted hair; it is characterized by brittleness and the formation of nodular swellings along the hair shaft. Monilethrix Condition causing beaded hair. Hair is weak before each node and easily broken alopecia areata Patchy loss of hair occurring on the scalp or other parts of the body Traction alopecia Hair loss through repetitive and excessive pulling or stretching of the hair androgenic alopecia Also known as androgenetic alopecia; hair loss characterized by miniaturization of terminal hair that is converted to vellus hair; in men, it is known as male pattern baldness. Telogen effluvium Premature shedding of hair in the resting phase postpartum alopecia temporary hair loss experienced at the conclusion of a pregnancy tinea infection of the skin caused by a fungus - Ringworm tinea barbae Also known as barber's itch; a superficial fungal infection that commonly affects the skin. It is primarily limited to the bearded areas of the face and neck or around the scalp. tinea capitis fungal infection of the scalp, ringworm Tinea favosa dry, sulfur-yellow, cuplike crusts on the scalp called scutula, Honeycomb Ringworm Pediculosis Capitis infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice Scabies contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite, commonly through sexual contact Cranium the portion of the skull that encloses the brain cranium bones frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid Frontal forehead bone Parietal top of head temporal Side of skull Occipital base of skull, bone above nape Scalp Epicranum Epicranius The broad muscle that covers the top of the skull consists of the occipitalis and frontalis. Epicranius occipito-frontalis epicranial aponeurosis Tendon that connects the occipitalis and frontalis muscles Frontalis raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead Occipitalis The muscle located in the nape of the neck that draws the scalp back Temporalis muscle that moves the lower jaw up and back to close the mouth cervical vertebrae C1-C7; first set of seven bones, forming the neck Clavicle collar bone Scapula shoulder blade Trapezius muscle is located at the back of the neck, extending down the upper part of the back Sternoccleidomastoideus Muscle is a long muscle that stretches from the back of the ear, along the side of the neck to the collar bone. This muscle moves the head up and down or side to side Platysma Is a large muscle stretching from the chin down to the shoulder muscle This muscle moves the lower jaw down, expressing sadness latissiumus dorsi action Is the large, flat, triangular muscle covering the lower back. It helps to extend the arm away from the body and rotate the shoulder pectoralis major chest serratus anterior Chest muscle that assists in elevating the arm in breathing.