NUTR 280 Exam 1 Theimer Questions With 100% Correct Answers.

nutrients - indispensable (vital) substances in food -your food choices determine the nutrients you consume Name 4 components nutrients provide: - -energy -serve as building material -help maintain or repair body parts -support growth and regulate body processes "essential" nutrients - MUST be consumed in the diet, cannot be made by the body or in sufficient quantities Carlories - expresses the amount of energy provided by food -your food choices also determine the calories you consume Nutrient density - a measure of the nutrients provided by a food relative to its calorie content -the more nutrient dense a food, the more nutrients in offers in relation to the number of calories Why choose nutrient dense foods? - -enables you to meet all your nutrient requirements -typically, keeps you from exceeding your calorie needs -eating this type of pattern can occasionally have foods in your diet that have a lower nutrient density -high nutrient density foods contain fewer nutrients per calorie - found in nature or with minimal processing Low nutrient density foods - contain fewer nutrients per calorie- higher in empty calories (calories from unhealthy fats and added sugar) fortification - The addition of nutrients that are not naturally present-Initial reason: FDA mandated it for certain foods -why fortify? helps prevent nutrient deficiencies dietary supplements - products that supply one or more nutrients as a supplement to, not a substitute for, healthful foods -do NOT offer all the benefits of food and are NOT regulated by FDA Phytochemicals - non-nutrient compounds found in plant-derived foods that have biological activity in the body -health promoting and reduce disease risk Name the 3 types of phytochemicals - 1. carotenoids -beta-carotene -lycopene 2. Phytoestrogens 3. Lignans 4. Phytosterols 5. Flavonoids Carotenoids - Type of phytochemical: Give fruits and veggies their rich color & prevent oxidation, acting as antioxidants -Beta-carotene: yellow-orange pigment, found in dark green veggies as well -Lycopene: red pigment, tomatoes contain a lot; more prevalent in "cooked" tomatoes Phytoestrogens - Type of phytochemical with some influence on the estrogenic activity or hormonal system in humans -hormone-like compound, yet weakly mimics the hormone activity of estrogen in the body -may reduce risk for certain cancers SOURCE EXAMPLES: soy beansLignans - Type of phytochemical converted into phytosterols in bacteria in the large intestine -possible anticancer agent food source: flax seeds