IFSTA 7th Edition, Chapter 4 Fire Dynamics.
Fires involve a heat-producing chemical reaction between fuel and:
(117) [4.3.11]
A. a catalyst.
B. an oxidizer.
C. free radicals.
D. a reducing agent. - correct answer B. an oxidizer.
When a substance changes from one type of matter into another, such as two or more substances combining to form compounds, the substance undergoes a: (118) [4.3.11]
A. dissolution.
B. metamorphosis.
C. chemical reaction.
D. physiological change. - correct answer C. chemical reaction.
Which statement about energy and combustion is accurate? (120)
[4.3.11]
A. A fuel's chemical energy is the result of rapid vibrations in the molecules.
B. Chemical and physical changes almost never involve an exchange of energy.
C. A fuel's potential energy releases during combustion and converts to kinetic energy.
D. Chemical changes involve an exchange of energy; physical changes involve no energy exchange. - correct answer C. A fuel's potential energy releases during combustion and converts to kinetic energy. Which element of the fire tetrahedron is included to explain flaming (gas-phase) combustion? (120) [4.3.11]
A. Fuel
B. Heat
C. Oxygen
D. Chemical chain reaction - correct answer D. Chemical chain reaction
What occurs when a mixture of fuel and oxygen encounter an external heat source with sufficient heat or thermal energy to start the combustion reaction? (120) [4.3.11]
A. Autoignition
B. Piloted ignition
C. Kinetic ignition
D. Sustained ignition - correct answer B. Piloted ignition
The minimum temperature at which a fuel in the air must be heated in order to start self-sustained combustion is known as the: (122)
[4.3.11]
A. autoignition temperature (AIT).
B. piloted ignition temperature (PIT).
C. lower explosive (flammable) limit (LEL).
D. upper explosive (flammable) limit (UEL). - correct answer A. autoignition temperature (AIT).
What causes flaming combustion to occur? (123) [4.3.11]
A. A solid fuel encounters an open flame and entrain enough air to ignite.
B. A gaseous fuel encounters an external heat source and experience piloted ignition.
C. A gaseous fuel mixes with an adequate amount of oxygen and heats to ignition temperature. D. A solid fuel mixes with an adequate amount of liquid fuel to be able to sustain an open burning flame.
- correct answer C. A gaseous fuel mixes with an adequate amount of oxygen and heats to ignition temperature.
What is the cause of most fire deaths? (124) A. Injuries caused by falling materials or structural collapse
B. Exposure to toxic gases found in smoke and/or lack of oxygen
C. Exposure to extreme heat and or contact with flames and hot surfaces
D. Accidental injuries sustained during escape and/or evacuation procedures - correct answer B. Exposure to toxic gases found in smoke and/or lack of oxygen.
Which statement about the dangers of products of combustion is accurate? (124) [4.3.11]
A. Visible smoke presents the greatest inhalation danger.
B. Low oxygen concentrations alone can result in hypoxia or death.
C. Toxic products of combustion are released only during the combustion reaction.
D. The toxic effects of smoke inhalation are the result of the interaction between carbon monoxide and heat. - correct answer B. Low oxygen concentrations alone can result in hypoxia or death.
Which product of combustion acts as a chemical asphyxiant by excluding oxygen from the blood, leading
to hypoxia of the brain and tissues? (124-125) /4.3.11]
A. Carbon dioxide (CO,)
B. Carbon monoxide (CO)
C. Aerosolized fuel particles
D. Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) - correct answer B. Carbon monoxide (CO)
Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is a product of combustion that: (126)
[4.3.11]
Fires involve a heat-producing chemical reaction between fuel and:
(117) [4.3.11]
A. a catalyst.
B. an oxidizer.
C. free radicals.
D. a reducing agent. - correct answer B. an oxidizer.
When a substance changes from one type of matter into another, such as two or more substances combining to form compounds, the substance undergoes a: (118) [4.3.11]
A. dissolution.
B. metamorphosis.
C. chemical reaction.
D. physiological change. - correct answer C. chemical reaction.
Which statement about energy and combustion is accurate? (120)
[4.3.11]
A. A fuel's chemical energy is the result of rapid vibrations in the molecules.
B. Chemical and physical changes almost never involve an exchange of energy.
C. A fuel's potential energy releases during combustion and converts to kinetic energy.
D. Chemical changes involve an exchange of energy; physical changes involve no energy exchange. - correct answer C. A fuel's potential energy releases during combustion and converts to kinetic energy. Which element of the fire tetrahedron is included to explain flaming (gas-phase) combustion? (120) [4.3.11]
A. Fuel
B. Heat
C. Oxygen
D. Chemical chain reaction - correct answer D. Chemical chain reaction
What occurs when a mixture of fuel and oxygen encounter an external heat source with sufficient heat or thermal energy to start the combustion reaction? (120) [4.3.11]
A. Autoignition
B. Piloted ignition
C. Kinetic ignition
D. Sustained ignition - correct answer B. Piloted ignition
The minimum temperature at which a fuel in the air must be heated in order to start self-sustained combustion is known as the: (122)
[4.3.11]
A. autoignition temperature (AIT).
B. piloted ignition temperature (PIT).
C. lower explosive (flammable) limit (LEL).
D. upper explosive (flammable) limit (UEL). - correct answer A. autoignition temperature (AIT).
What causes flaming combustion to occur? (123) [4.3.11]
A. A solid fuel encounters an open flame and entrain enough air to ignite.
B. A gaseous fuel encounters an external heat source and experience piloted ignition.
C. A gaseous fuel mixes with an adequate amount of oxygen and heats to ignition temperature. D. A solid fuel mixes with an adequate amount of liquid fuel to be able to sustain an open burning flame.
- correct answer C. A gaseous fuel mixes with an adequate amount of oxygen and heats to ignition temperature.
What is the cause of most fire deaths? (124) A. Injuries caused by falling materials or structural collapse
B. Exposure to toxic gases found in smoke and/or lack of oxygen
C. Exposure to extreme heat and or contact with flames and hot surfaces
D. Accidental injuries sustained during escape and/or evacuation procedures - correct answer B. Exposure to toxic gases found in smoke and/or lack of oxygen.
Which statement about the dangers of products of combustion is accurate? (124) [4.3.11]
A. Visible smoke presents the greatest inhalation danger.
B. Low oxygen concentrations alone can result in hypoxia or death.
C. Toxic products of combustion are released only during the combustion reaction.
D. The toxic effects of smoke inhalation are the result of the interaction between carbon monoxide and heat. - correct answer B. Low oxygen concentrations alone can result in hypoxia or death.
Which product of combustion acts as a chemical asphyxiant by excluding oxygen from the blood, leading
to hypoxia of the brain and tissues? (124-125) /4.3.11]
A. Carbon dioxide (CO,)
B. Carbon monoxide (CO)
C. Aerosolized fuel particles
D. Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) - correct answer B. Carbon monoxide (CO)
Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is a product of combustion that: (126)
[4.3.11]
