Judicial Branch Questions and Answers Graded A+

Judicial Branch Questions and Answers Graded A+ Judiciary It is the (Congress/President/Judiciary) that says what the law is. dual Because we have a system of State and federal courts, the U.S. has a (unitary/dual) system. Constitutional courts (Special Courts/Constitutional Courts) are federal courts that exercise the judicial power of the U.S. Special courts/Tax Court (Special Courts/Constitutional Courts) are legislative courts that hear cases arising out of the expressed powers given to Congress (such as the Tax Court or Claims court). Inferior The ___ courts are the regular courts beneath the Supreme Court. Jurisdiction ___ is the authority of a court to hear a case. Exclusive ___ jurisdiction means these cases can be heard only in the federal courts. Concurrent ___ jurisdiction means that these cases can be tried in either a federal or state court. Civil ___ law is concerned with disputes between two or more individuals or between individuals and the government. plaintiff A (defendant/plaintiff) is the person who is suing. defendant A (defendant/plaintiff) is the person who is sued. Original (Appellate/Original) jurisdiction is when a case can be heard in a court firsthand. Appellate (Appellate/Original) jurisdiction is when a case be heard on appeal from a lower court secondhand. district The lowest federal courts are called ___ courts. Appeals The Courts of ___ was established to relieve the Supreme court of its work land. They hear if they are not satisfied with the decisions of District Courts. only appellate The Court of Appeals has (both original & appellate/only appellate) jurisdiction. International Trade The court of __________ ______ hears civil cases arising out of the tariff and trade-related laws. Supreme Court The (District Courts/Supreme Courts) was the only court specifically created by the Constitution. Chief Justice and 8 justices The Presiding Officer of the Supreme Court is the _____ _____ and there are (two/four/six/eight) associate justices. 6 justices (Four/Five/Six/Eight) justices must be present for a case to be decided. both original and appellate jurisdiction The Supreme Court has (only appellate jurisdiction/both original and appellate jurisdiction). does The Supreme Court (does/does not) have original jurisdiction in cases such as problems that arise with ambassadors, public ministers, and consuls and where the State is a party. 150 Of the thousands of cases appealed to the Supreme Court each year, only about (10/150/500/1,000) actually receive a full hearing and a written opinion. Writ of Certiorari Decisions reached by earlier courts in similar cases are clerks The legal assistants that help the Justices of the Supreme Court are called (secretaries/bros/homes/clerks). discuss When the clerks find cases deserving serious consideration, they are put on a _____ list. sitting A period during which the Justices of the Supreme Court listen to oral arguments by the lawyers on each side of cases before them is called the (recess/sitting/brief). brief A statement by one party in a case setting forth the legal arguments, relevant facts, and precedents supporting the party's position is the (recess/sitting/brief). majority opinion The decision of most of the Justices of the Supreme Court is a (unanimous opinion/dissenting opinion/majority opinion). dissenting opinion The decision of the minority of Justices of the Supreme Court is a (majority opinion/dissenting opinion/unanimous opinion). unanimous opinion When all Justices of the Supreme Court vote the same way, this is a (majority opinion/dissenting opinion/unanimous opinion). does A tie vote among the Justices of the Supreme Court means the lower courts previous decision (does/does not) stand. brethren The nine Justices are called (homes/bros/brethren/hey youse). can not The President (can/can not) remove a Justice if he doesn't like his decisions. Judicial _____ Review is the power to decide the constitutionality of an act of government, whether executive, legislative, or judicial. Malbury vs. Madison The Supreme Court first asserted that it had the power of judicial review in the 1803 case of Tax The ____ Court hears civil, but criminal cases involving disputes between taxpayers and the I.R.S. Claims The ____ Court has original jurisdiction to hear cases of persons who believe that the government owes them money. Special The ____ Courts are federal courts Congress has created to exercise jurisdiction only in certain cases. President The ____ appoints all federal judges, subject to confirmation by the Senate. Military The Court of ____ Appeals is the court of last resort in most cases involving offenses against military law. legal training In considering candidates for federal judgeships, Presidents consider their judicial philosophy, party affiliation, & (legal training/highs school government grade). life All judges of the constitutional courts are appointed for (7 years/ 14 years/life). Marshalls Federal _____ make arrests, secure jurors, and serve legal papers.