Medical-Surgical Nursing Final 2023 EXAMS

Medical-Surgical Nursing Final 2023 EXAMS lispro insulin (humulog) - CORRECT ANSWERS rapid acting insulin onset of lispro insulin (humolog) - CORRECT ANSWERS under 15 minutes peak of lispro insulin (humulog) - CORRECT ANSWERS 30 min to 1.5 hours when to administer lispro insulin (humulog) - CORRECT ANSWERS 0-15 minutes prior to a meal regular insulin (Humulin R, Novolin R) - CORRECT ANSWERS short acting insulin onset of regular insulin (humulin R, Novolin R) - CORRECT ANSWERS 30 min to 60 minutes peak of regular insulin (humulin R, Novolin R) - CORRECT ANSWERS 2 to 3 hours when to administer regular insulin (humulin R, Novolin R) - CORRECT ANSWERS 30 minutes before a meal lente insulin (humulin L) - CORRECT ANSWERS intermediate acting insulin onset of lente insulin - CORRECT ANSWERS 1 to 2 hours when to administer lente insulin - CORRECT ANSWERS does not need to be with a meal peak of lente insulin - CORRECT ANSWERS 4 to 12 hours insulin glargine - CORRECT ANSWERS long acting insulin precautions with insulin glargine (lantus) - CORRECT ANSWERS insulin glargine cannot be mixed with other insulins!!, the action may be affected in an unpredictable manner. onset of insulin glargine - CORRECT ANSWERS 1-1.5 hours peak of insulin glargine - CORRECT ANSWERS has no peak...lasts 24 hr storage for insulin - CORRECT ANSWERS insulin vials should be stored in a refrigerator or they can be kept at room temperature for up to 28 days. cartridges and pens should be stored at room temperature and used within 28 days.. glucagon - CORRECT ANSWERS a drug used to treat hypoglycemia. raises blood glucose levels side effects of glucagon - CORRECT ANSWERS n/v, hypotension, hypersensitivity, & hypokalemia administration of glucagon - CORRECT ANSWERS can be given SQ, IM, or IV. then as soon as the patient is awake, give the patient some carbohydrate snack mixing insulin - CORRECT ANSWERS whenever mixing insulin, the short acting (regular/humilin R) insulin is drawn up first in order to prevent contamination. short acting is clear insulin and intermediate acting (humilin L/lente) is cloudy, so it is drawn up clear then cloudy. insulin glargine cannot be mixed with any kind of insulin. metformin - CORRECT ANSWERS the most common oral hypoglycemic medication for pre diabetic patients and non insulin dependent type 2 diabetes. is not used to treat type 1. administration of metformin - CORRECT ANSWERS taken each day. administer WITH food in order to prevent GI upset. also take vitamin B12 and folic acid supplements side effects of metformin - CORRECT ANSWERS GI effects including anorexia, n/v, HA, abdominal gas/pain, metallic taste, hypoglycemia, LACTIC ACIDOSIS!! (unexplained muscle aches, fatigue, lethargy and hyperventilation) *ok for pregnancy precautions taking metformin - CORRECT ANSWERS needs to be stopped 48 hours before any type of radiographic test with iodinated contrast dye and can't be resumed until 48 hours after because this can cause lactic acidosis or ARF. watch renal function when taking metformin. when to d/c metformin - CORRECT ANSWERS immediately if unexplained hypoxemia, dehydration, or signs of lactic acidosis what foods increase risk of hypoglycemia with oral anti diabetic drugs - CORRECT ANSWERS celery, coriander, dandelion root, garlic, ginseng Diabetes mellitus - CORRECT ANSWERS is a systemic, chronic, and progressive metabolic disease that requires lifelong lifestyle modification. people with DM have the inability to metabolize carbohydrates, proteins, and fats Type 1 DM - CORRECT ANSWERS can be genetic or autoimmune. involves the destruction of pancreatic beta cells. has no or minimal insulin production. aka Juvenile onset/ IDDM Type 2 DM - CORRECT ANSWERS can be genetic and environmental. either d/t desensitization (limited response by beta cells) or insulin resistance (liver and peripheral tissues). aka Adult onset/ NDDM Type 1: age of onset, symptoms, insulin production, BMI, and insulin mgt - CORRECT ANSWERS Age: <30 but can occur at any age. S/sx: abrupt onset, weight loss Insulin production: None, no prevention. BMI: usually non-obese Insulin: dependent Type 2: age of onset, symptoms, insulin production, BMI, and insulin mgt - CORRECT ANSWERS Age: peak at 50 yo S/sx: slow onset, fatigue Insulin production: low, normal, or high. Preventable. BMI: 60-80% of type 2 pts are obese Insulin: 20-30% require diabetic ketoacidosis - CORRECT ANSWERS a complication of diabetes.. is a lack of insulin and ketosis. more common in Type 1 hyperglycemia-hyperosmolar state - CORRECT ANSWERS a complication of diabetes... is an insulin deficiency and profound dehydration hypoglycemia - CORRECT ANSWERS a complication of diabetes... is too little insulin, too little glucose s/sx of diabetes - CORRECT ANSWERS 3 p's (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia), unintended weight loss, fatigue & weakness, irritability & mood changes, blurred vision, slow healing sores, acanthuses nigricans, HTN, hyperlipidemia, liver impairment, frequent infections complications of DM - CORRECT ANSWERS retinop