OPOTA CORRECTIONS SPO'S 2024 UPDATE P 78 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS.

1.1 SPO #1 Relationship between a SPO and a test question A test question must respond directly to an SPO and every SPO may be the basis of a test question 1.1 SPO #2 Reasons for Corrections Training Mandated by State Law To acquire new knowledge and skills To reduce errors and mistakes in performing critical tasks while protecting the public To standardize procedures To increase efficiency To build confidence and morale To promote safety and survival skills To reduce civil liability To eliminate unfit trainees who do not meet training standards Brainpower Read More Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:00 / 0:00 Full screen 1.2 SPO #1 Corrections Officer Codes of Ethics and Conduct Emphasize the value of public service Outline expectations for treating inmates and fostering professionalism Require that Corrections Officers: Respect the civil and legal rights of all people. Refrain from any form of discrimination Prohibits Corrections Officers from: Using their position for personal gain. Accepting gifts or favors that might imply there is a corresponding obligation that is inconsistent with professional duties. 1.2 SPO #2 External Influences on Behavior Relationship with friends and family Local Citizens Local Media Department Regulations Interdepartmental Politics Agency Subculture Officer's own ethical and moral beliefs and values Anger, Greed, and Lust: Internal rationalizations made prior to or after misconduct 1.2 SPO #3 Steps in Decision Making Model and Application of PLUS Filters Step 1: Define the problem. Being aware that how you define the problem determines where and how you will look for solutions Step 2: Identify alternative solutions available to address the problem- at a minimum three and, ideally, more than five Step 3: Evaluate the identified alternatives- list the pros and cons of each; differentiate between known facts and personal beliefs about the situation Step 4: Make the Decision Step 5: Implement the Decision Step 6: Evaluate the Decision PLUS Filters Defined P= Policies: Is it consistent with my agency's policies and procedures? L= Legal: Is it lawful? U= Universal: Does it conform to the universal principles and values of my agency? S= Self: Does it align with my beliefs of what is right, good, and fair? PLUS Filters should be applied at each of the following steps of the decision making model Step 1 (Define the problem)- does the existing situation violate and PLUS considerations? Step 3 (Evaluate alternative solutions)- do the alternatives resolve or create and PLUS considerations and, if so, are the ethical trade-offs acceptable? Step 6 (Evaluate the decision)- does the solution resolve all PLUS considerations, or were unintended or unforseen PLUS considerations created? 1.3 SPO #1 Essential Questions Answered in a Report 1. Who... a. Who discovered the incident? b. Who reported the incident? c. Who were the witnesses? d Identify all persons involved by full name, rank, demographics, etc. 2. What... a. What happened? b. What was damaged? c. What injuries? d. Identify tools or weapons used e. State events in chronological order 3. When... a. When did the incident occur? b. When was the incident discovered? c. When were you/we notified? d. When did you/deputies arrive? 4.How... a. How did the situation start? b. How did the situation progress? c. How did the situation end? d. Explain how a weapon or tool was used e. Explain how you did or said something 5. Where... a. Where did the incident take place? b. Be as specific as possible, Witness location, objects, distances, indoors, outdoors, etc. 6. Why... a. Revenge/Opportunity? b. Drugs/Alcohol? c. Accidental/Intentional? d. Argument/Passion? 1.3 SPO #2 Requirements for a Well Written Report 1. Complete a. The report must include the answers to the essential questions...who, what, when, how, where, and why b. It must be understandable by a third party c. When completed... (1) Sign your full name (2) Rank/Title (3) Date the report 2. Factual a. Records the facts b. Statements that can be proven c. It does not contain opinions 3. Accurate a. Specific b. Fact check c. Use descriptive words, names, numbers d. Do not over extend your vocabulary e. Use correct language. Do not use slang or "street talk" unless you are quoting someone f. Double check spelling and word usage g. Use proper grammar h. Read it. Have someone else review it 4. Objective a. Objective means non-opinionated, fair, and impartial b. Stick to the facts 5. Concise a. Make the important points in as few words as possible b. Leave out unnecessary information c. Do not confuse brevity with being concise 6. Clear a. Only one conclusion should be drawn b. Anyone should be able to read it and come to the same interpretation 7. Use correct... a. Spelling b. Paragraph Structure c. Verb tense (past, present, future) 2.1 SPO #1 Purposes of the Bill of Rights Protect and individual's freedoms Prevent the government from interfering in protected rights 2.1 SPO #2 Major Components of the Criminal Justice System Law Enforcement (police officer, deputy sheriff): Keep the peace Apprehend violators and combat crime Prevent crime Provide social services Courts: Hold fair and impartial trials (ensure due process) Determine guilt or innocence Impose sentences on the guilty Key personnel includes judges, prosecutors, and defense attorneys Corrections: Responsible for supervising the offender Prison/County Jails Parole Probation Halfway Houses Work release programs 2.1 SPO #3 The Goals of Sentencing Punish the offender and in many cases, rehabilitate the offender Protect society Restore the victim as much as possible 2.1 SPO #4 General Rules for Effective Testimony Be prepared Project a positive image Dress in professional attire Sit, stand, and walk with good posture Project your voice Give direct answers to questions from attorneys or the judge If permitted to take reports and notes to the witness stand, ask for a moment to review them ( do not read directly from report unless told to do so) Be HONEST 2.2 SPO #1 Describe the primary sources of inmate rights United States Constitutional Amendments First, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Eighth, and Fourteenth Case Law Precedent: The making of law through the court's interpretation of the Constitution, statutes, and other laws A decided case that furnishes a basis for determining later cases involving similar facts or issues Federal Statutes: Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Person Act (RLUIPA) Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA) State Statutes: As described in the Ohio revised code State Administrative rules- The Ohio Administrative code lists the standards for each category of jail 2.2 SPO #2 Recognize factors used to determine if an inmate's rights can be limited Is the limitation in furtherance of a compelling governmental interest? What dangers are involved in granting an inmate's request? What is the impact on the facility by accommodating the inmate? What government interests are at stake? Is the limitation the least restrictive means of furthering that compelling interest? The test considers the following questions: Is the inmate's request or activity in question protected under Ohio laws, federal laws, and/or Constitutions? Is there an alternative means by which the inmate can exercise his/her right? Are there other readily available alternatives that would not impinge upon the interests of the jail? 2.2 SPO #3 Identify factors considered in determining if force is excessive in a correctional setting An excessive force claim under the Eighth Amendment requires the inmate show force was not applied in a good faith effort to maintain or restore discipline, but instead was applied maliciously and sadistically to cause harm 2.2 SPO #4 Explain how to reach the standard of deliberate indifference -...correctional officials must know of and disregard a substantial risk of serious harm to the inmate's health and safety 2.2 SPO #5 Explain deliberate indifference to medical needs *Estelle v. Gamble (1976) Unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain through refusal of medical care by correctional or medical staff, or intentionally delaying or interfering with treatment 2.4 SPO #1 Describe the differences between Essential and Important jail standards Essential: Standard that has been designated to directly support life, safety, and health of jail inmates, employees, contract employees, and volunteers. All full service and minimum security jails must comply with ALL Essential jail standards Important: Standard that has been designated to support good correctional practices in training, operations, inmate services, physical plant, safety and emergency procedures, sanitation, food service, inmate rules and discipline, and other areas that address good correctional practice. All full service and minimum security jails must comply with 90% of all Important jail standards 2.7 SPO #1 Characterisitcs of Inmates vulnerable to Sexual Assault 1. Mental Illness/Disability 2. Physical Size (underweight or morbidly obese) 3. First time and/or younger inmates 4. Perceived as homosexual by other inmates 5. Prior sexual abuse victim 2.7 SPO #2 Signs of Potential Sexual Assault Victims Physical Indicators: Contraction of Sexually Transmitted Infection Pregnancy Stomach/Abdominal Pain Difficulty walking or sitting Unexplained Injuries Psychological Indicators: Acting Out Anger Anxiety Depression Difficulty Concentrating Suicidal thoughts Numbness Red Flag Indicators: Isolation Depression Lashing Out/ Unusual Aggression Refusal to shower Suicidal thoughts/actions Volunteering for isolation cell/ refusal to leave cell Refusal to enter an occupied cell or transport vehicle Change in relationship with other inmates Lingering near correctional staff Giving away commissary items regularly 2.7 SPO #3 Potential Characteristics of an Abuser 1. Requests for cellmates 2. History of cellmates asking for transfers 3. Change in behavior of vulnerable inmates when a specific inmate leaves the area 4. History of testing boundaries 5. History of refusing searches 6. Has other inmates as look-outs 7. Verbally harasses other inmates 8. Prior history of sexual assault 9. Previously victimized 10. Poor anger management 11. Lack of coping skills 12. Voyeuristic/Exhibitionist behavior 13. Serving a lengthy sentence 14. Accustomed to incarceration 15. Significant social status with other inmates 16. Con artist- might entice victims into con-games designed to indebt the victim 2.7 SPO #4 Duties of First Responder to a sexual assault incident 1. Separate the victim and the abuser 2. Preserve and protect and crime scene until appropriate steps can be taken to collect any evidence 3. If the abuse occurs within a time period that allows for physical evidence, request the alleged victim and alleged abuser to not take any actions that could destroy physical evidence (washing, brushing teeth, changing clothes, urinating, defecating, drinking, eating) 3.1 SPO #1 Identify the most important aspect of security in a correctional facility The Correctional Officer Staffing, Policies and Procedures Care, Custody, and Control 3.1 SPO #2 Identify the main objectives of security in a correctional facility To maintain order To prevent contraband To prevent escapes 3.1 SPO #3 Identify important factors of security in a correctional facility Classification Inspections Key and tool control Counts Emergency plans and training Control of medications and medical supplies Control of hazardous materials 3.1 SPO #4 Describe the types of counts that can be in a correctional facility Formal count (Regular, required count) Census count (Informal, Irregular, work details) Emergency count (Unusual, Infrequent) 3.2 SPO #1 Administration of Discipline An effective discipline system must be fair to inmates and officers The system must be fair to the inmates by consistent application of the rules The system must be fair to the officers by: The creation of rules that are easily understood and able to be enforced The support of the administration to carry out prescribed punishment The discipline system must meet constitutional and other legal requirements The punishment assigned to offenders is equal to the level of the violation To be most effective, the discipline system should allow for rewards and incentives for proper conduct Inmate's must be advised of the facility's rules in writing (Important) Written inmate rules shall specify prohibited acts or conduct, degrees of violations Inmates should be informed what conduct may result in disciplinary action Vague rules can unconstitutionally deny an inmate fair notice (Important) Inmate rules shall specify the fundamental rights that cannot be suspended except in an emergency or other condition beyond the control of the jail administrator Inmates must be informed of the penalties for rule violations (Important) Written inmate rules shall specify ranges of penalties (Important) There shall be a sanctioning schedule for rule violations The jail administrator or designee shall approve any penalty exceeding suspension of rights or disciplinary isolation for more than 120 hours The maximum sanction for rule violations shall be no more than 60 days for violations arising out of one incident Continuous confinement for more than 30 days requires the review and approval of the jail administrator or designee (Important) Jail disciplinary measures shall not include corporal punishment, discipline administered by inmates, and withholding food (Important) The use of administrative segregation as a penalty shall be prohibi