Mechatronics study practice well done, 2023/2024.

mechatronics - answersA multidisciplinary field of engineering that includes a combination of systems engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, telecommunications engineering, control engineering and computer engineering. Integration of mechanical and electrical components Robot - answersdevice that performs actions based on programming and sensing. Sense think act Sensors - answersDetect physical output electrical transducer signal processing position sensors - answersrotation is easier differentiate to get velocity switch - answerspushbutton, lever, reset, rocker, slide toggle physical contact user input or limit switch Proximity position sensor - answersnon contact lase, magnetic, capacitive, ultrasonic laser, IR Hall effect sensor - answersreads magnetic fields v changes with magnetic field to zero and avoid obstacles ultrasonic - answerssound pulse and return distance IR - answersLight pulse Opposed: garage door retroreflective: mirror Proxity encoders - answerssenser tick marks as something moves linear and rotary optical or magnetic absolute vs. relative absolute encoder - answers0 to 360 degrees needs more tracks more expensive relative encoder - answerschange in angle (needs to be zeroed) two tracks only cheaper Internal measurement unit (IMU) - answersGyro, accel, compass change in angular velocity, drift (tilt and acceleration), measure north Force/stress/strain sensors - answersstrain gauge, load cell, FSR, peizoelectric piezo - answerscrystal whose voltage is related to shape/compression temperature sensor - answersthermistor: Resistor thermocouple: change in T = V other sensors - answersaccelometer (integrate to get velocity) fluid flow light Actuators - answersproduce action (motion, light, sound) Other actuators - answerspneumatics, hydrolics, light, sound solenoids - answerscheap take a lot of current uses: on/off, valves, latches relay - answerssolenoid used to make/break electronic components voice coil - answerscoil moves, lower inertia electric motors - answersAC, DC (Brushed and Brushless) power winding w/in brushes and commutator commutator mechanism toggles windings very weak but very fast back emf torque speed curve (stall torque, no-load speed)