Paramedic Entrance Exam (2023/2024) 100% Correct

Paramedic Entrance Exam (2023/2024) 100% Correct Inferior Away from head Medial Toward the midline Lateral Away from midline Superior Towards head Anatomical Position Standing erect, limbs down, palms forward Pneumothorax Air within plural space Ventricles Two lower chambers of heart R. ventricle sends oxygen poor blood to lungs L. ventricle sends oxygen rich blood to body Hypothermia low core body temp Tachycardia Heart rate >100bpm Divisions of vertebre Cervial- 7, thoracic- 12, lumbar- 5, sacrum-5 fused, coccyx -4 fused 33 total Body cavities 1) Cranial 2) Thoracic 3) Abdomino-pelvic Actions of Musculoskeletal System 1) Protect internal organs 2) Gives body shape 3) Provide ability to move Types of muscles 1) Smooth 2) Cardiac 3) Skeletal 4) Voluntary 5) Involuntary Skeletal Muscles Voluntary Cardiac Muscles Involuntary Smooth Muscles Involuntary Voluntary Muscles Continuously controlled Involuntary Muscles Responds to brain signals Parts of resp system Pharynx, Oropharynx, Larynx, Thyroid, Cricoid, Epiglottis, Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli, Capillaries, Lungs, Lobes Red Blood Cells Contains hemoglobin White blood cells fight infection Scene size up BSI, PPE, PENMAN Components of initial assessment General impression, responsiveness, chief complain, obvious life threats, ABC, priority Rapid trauma assessment assessment of head, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, back and extremities, DCAP-BTLS DCAP-BTLS deformities, contusions, abrasions, punctures burns, tenderness, lacerations, swelling Respirations Adult: 12-20 Child: 15 - 30 Infant: 20-50 Rate, effort depth HR Adults 60-100bpm HR Child (11-15yrs) 60-105bpm HR School age (6-10yrs) 70-110bpm HR Preschool (3-5yrs) 80-120bpm HR Infant (6-12mo) 80-140bpm HR 0-5mo 90-140bpm HR Newborn 120-160bpm Skin signs Color, temp, moisture Systolic/Diastolic S: pressure created when L. ventricle contracts and forces blood into arteries D: pressure remaining in arteries Types of shock Anaphylactic, cardiogenic, hemoragic, hypovelemic, neurogenic, septic, psychogenic Anaphylactic Shock Allergic reaction Cardiogenic shock heart stops pumping Hypovolemic shock decrease in body fluid Hemorrhagic shock loss of blood Neurogenic shock vessels dilate abnormal in response to spinal cord Septic shock infection Psychogenic shock Sudden dilation of vessels psychological causes Signs/symptoms of shock (early) Tachy, increase resp rate, cap refill, weak peripheral pulses, pale, cool, clammy, thirst, dilated pupils, nausea/vomiting GCS Glasgow coma scale Eye: 1- none, 2 - pain, 3 - verbal, 4- spontaneous Verbal: 1- none 2- sounds 3- inappropriate words, 4- confused, 5- oriented Motor: 1 - none, 2 - extension, 3- flexion, 4- withdraws, 5- localize, 6- obeys commands Pharynx passageway from nose/mouth to trachea Oropharynx Posterior to mouth Larynx Contains vocal cords, connected to superior portion of trachea Thyroid cartilage Prominence in neck (adam's apple) Cricoid cartilage Ring shaped structure that circles trachea lower edge of larynx Epiglottis leaf shaped structure that covers and prevents food from entering larynx and trachea Trachea Structure connects pharynx to lungs (wind pipes) Bronchi 2 large sets of branches come from trachea and enter lungs Bronchioles smallest branch or bronchi Alveoli sacs of lungs where gas exchanges with blood Capillaries blood vessels where O2/CO2 and nutrients/waste exchange in cells Lungs Organs for respirations Lobes Section of lungs L: 2 lobes R. 3 lobes Facial bones Cranium, mandible, maxilla Leg bones femur, tibia, fibula, patella Arm bones clavicle, humerus, ulna, radius Types of consent Consent: permission for patient care Implied, expressed EMT Roles and responsibilities 1) Safety officers 2) Care providers 3) Record keeper 4) patient advocate