NURS 488 - Lec 8 Test
With Solution
4 methods of diagnosis for diabetes - ANSWER 1. fasting BG ≥ 7 mmol/L
2. Hbg A1C ≥ 6.5% (adults)
3. 2h BG level ≥ 11.1 mmol/L during 75g glucose tolerance level (OGTT)
4. random BG ≥ 11.1 mmol/L
Hbg A1C test (6) - ANSWER 1. recommended to be used as a diagnostic test
2. useful in determining glycemic levels over time
3. shows amount of glucose attached to Hbg molecules over RBC life span
- approximately 90-120 days > recommended testing q3-6months
4. regular assessments required
5. ideal goal
- CDA ≤ 7%
- normal range ≤ 6%
6. normal A1C reduces risks of retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy
collaborative care for diabetes (9) - ANSWER 1. oral antihyperglycemics and
non insulin injectable agents
2. ACEI or ARBs
,3. BP control (< 130/80 mmHg)
4. drug therapy
- EC ASA
- insulin
- lipid-lowering therapy
5. exercise therapy
6. nutritional therapy
7. patient and caregiver teaching and f/u programs
8. self monitoring of BG
9. vascular protection
insulin therapy (4) - ANSWER - exogenous insulin MUST be used for T1D
> always includes separate rapid/short acting + intermediate/long acting
> ALWAYS injected
- may be additional treatment for T2D
- must be aware of onset, peak, duration of all insulin that is being
administered to a patient
- just because a patient is on insulin ≠ diagnosis of T1D
rapid acting insulin (6) - ANSWER - humalog, novorapid, apidra
- clear, bolus
- injected 0-15 mins before meal
, - onset: 10-15 mins
- peak: 60-90 mins
- duration: 3-5h
short acting insulin (6) - ANSWER - humulin R, novolin GE, toronto
- clear, bolus
- injected 30-45 mins before meal
- onset: 30-60 mins
- peak: 2-4h
- duration: 5-8h
intermediate acting insulin (6) - ANSWER - humulin N, novolin GE NPH
- cloudy, basal
- injected BID > am & pm
- onset: 1-3h
- peak: 6-8h
- duration: 12-16h
long acting insulin (8) - ANSWER - glargine (lantus), determir (levemir)
- cloudy?, basal
- *cannot be mixed with other insulins*
- inject QD > am or pm
- released steadily and continuously
With Solution
4 methods of diagnosis for diabetes - ANSWER 1. fasting BG ≥ 7 mmol/L
2. Hbg A1C ≥ 6.5% (adults)
3. 2h BG level ≥ 11.1 mmol/L during 75g glucose tolerance level (OGTT)
4. random BG ≥ 11.1 mmol/L
Hbg A1C test (6) - ANSWER 1. recommended to be used as a diagnostic test
2. useful in determining glycemic levels over time
3. shows amount of glucose attached to Hbg molecules over RBC life span
- approximately 90-120 days > recommended testing q3-6months
4. regular assessments required
5. ideal goal
- CDA ≤ 7%
- normal range ≤ 6%
6. normal A1C reduces risks of retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy
collaborative care for diabetes (9) - ANSWER 1. oral antihyperglycemics and
non insulin injectable agents
2. ACEI or ARBs
,3. BP control (< 130/80 mmHg)
4. drug therapy
- EC ASA
- insulin
- lipid-lowering therapy
5. exercise therapy
6. nutritional therapy
7. patient and caregiver teaching and f/u programs
8. self monitoring of BG
9. vascular protection
insulin therapy (4) - ANSWER - exogenous insulin MUST be used for T1D
> always includes separate rapid/short acting + intermediate/long acting
> ALWAYS injected
- may be additional treatment for T2D
- must be aware of onset, peak, duration of all insulin that is being
administered to a patient
- just because a patient is on insulin ≠ diagnosis of T1D
rapid acting insulin (6) - ANSWER - humalog, novorapid, apidra
- clear, bolus
- injected 0-15 mins before meal
, - onset: 10-15 mins
- peak: 60-90 mins
- duration: 3-5h
short acting insulin (6) - ANSWER - humulin R, novolin GE, toronto
- clear, bolus
- injected 30-45 mins before meal
- onset: 30-60 mins
- peak: 2-4h
- duration: 5-8h
intermediate acting insulin (6) - ANSWER - humulin N, novolin GE NPH
- cloudy, basal
- injected BID > am & pm
- onset: 1-3h
- peak: 6-8h
- duration: 12-16h
long acting insulin (8) - ANSWER - glargine (lantus), determir (levemir)
- cloudy?, basal
- *cannot be mixed with other insulins*
- inject QD > am or pm
- released steadily and continuously
